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自然拼读和拼写;学习phonics的 29个拼写规则介绍 (转载)

已有 70 次阅读 2019-3-18 11:13 系统分类:成长记录

1、  Q
Rule:Q is always follow ed by U. U is not a vowel here.(queen).. 
规则:Q后面总是跟着U,U在这里不是元音。(比如:queen)。

2、  C, 
Rule: The letter C usually says [k] (cat, cot,cut), but C says before e, i, or y(cent, city, cycle).
规则:C通常发音[k] (比如:cat, cot, cut),但是C 在e, i,y前发音。(比如:cent, city, cycle)

3、  G
Rule: The letter g usually says [g] (gate, go,gust), but g may say [ʤ] before e, i, or y (page, giant, gym). The letters eand i following g do not always make the g say [ʤ] (get, girl, give)
规则:G通常发音[g],但是G 在e, i,y前可能发音[ʤ]。e和i 不一定总是让前面的g发音[ʤ] (比如:get, girl, give)


4、  A,E,O,U
Rule: A, E, O, U usually say letter name at theend of a syllable.
规则:A, E,O, U在音节尾通常发音字母音。

5、I & Y
Rule: I and Y may say [ai]at the end of a syllable(si lent, cy cle), but usually say (in ci dent, cy cli cal). The unaccentedsuffix-y may say [i:] at the end of a word(ba by, dad dy). The i at the end ofa syllable before another vowel that begins the next syllable may say [i:](radio, media)
规则:I 和 Y 在音节尾可能发音[ai],但通常发音。
     非重读音节词尾的后缀y,可能读[i:](实际发音处在长音[i:]和短音之间)。I 在音节尾、下一音节首是另一元音时,i 可能会读[i:](radio, media, period, curious)

6、Y not I
Rule: English words do not end in i, j, u or v.the letter y, not i, is used at the end of an English word (my)
规则:英语单词不以i, j, u o或者 v 结尾。用y替代i用在英语单词词尾。

7、silent final Es
Rule 7-1: silent final e is to let the vowel say its second sound (letter name)
规则7-1:结尾不发音e使跟它隔一个字母的元音字母发第二音(即字母音,长音);

Rule 7-2: silent final e is to prevent us from ending an English word with u or v, because English words do not end in i, j, u or v
规则7-2:避免u和v出现在英语单词词尾。因为英语单词不以i, j, u 或者 v结尾。

Rule 7-3: silent final e is to soften a cor g (to make c says [s], g says [ʤ])
规则7-3: 使c和g读轻音(使c读[s],g读[ʤ])

Rule 7-4: silent final e is to prevent us fromhaving a syllable with no vowel. Every syllable must have a written vowel.
规则7-4: 避免一个音节中没有元音。因为每一个音节都必须要有一个元音字母。

Rule 7-5: ther jobs or unknown reasons
(1)    The E keeps a word that is not pluralfrom ending in an ‘s’ Ex: dense (not dens), purse (not purs), false (not fals). 跟其他单词的复数形式做区别。
(2)    The E adds length to a short main-idea word. Ex.: are, ewe, rye.避免单词过短。
(3)    The E gives a distinction in meaning between homonyms. Ex: or/ore, for/fore.与同音字相区别。
(4)    The E is left over from Middle Englishor a foreign language where the final E was once pronounced. Ex: treatise,giraffe.在中古英语或外来语中曾经发音的e得以保留下来。

8、WOR
Rule: The phonogram or may say [ɔ:] after the w (works)
规则:or通常读[ɔr:],但是or跟在w后,通常读[ə:](例外,仍读[ɔr:] worn sworn sword)

9、IE or EI
Rule: We use the ie most often. We use the ie tosay [i:](piece), as a suffix(mov ie), to say[ai](pie). We use the ei after c(receive),if we say [ei],and in some exceptions.(Either weird foreign sovereignforfeited leisure. Neither heifer seized counterfeit protein.)
规则:
ie:我们最常用ie.(发音为[i:],[ai]时用ie,表示后缀时也用ie)
ei:用ei有三种情况:1.在c后;2.如果读[ei](因为ie没有[ei]这个读音);3.例外,这些词可以用以下两个句子:
Either weird foreign sovereign forfeitedleisure.) 
Neither heifer seized counterfeit protein.

10、SH
Rule: SH is used at the beginning of aword (she),atthe end of a syllable/word(fish/fish es),but not at the beginning of anysyllable after the first one(na tion), except for the ending-ship(friendship)
Rule:
规则:SH用在单词词首、在音节或单词尾,但不用在非第一音节的其他首位(除了后缀-ship)

11、TI, SI, CI
Rule11-1: The ti, si, ci say [ʃ] at the beginningof any syllable after the first one.
(na tion, man sion, spe cial)
规则11-1:ti, si, ci 用在非第一音节的其他首位,读[ʃ]。

Rule11-2: The si say [ʃ] when the preceding syllableends with s (ses sion) and when the root word has an s(manse/mansion).Only sican say [ʒ]except for ti in “equation”(vision)
规则11-2:前面的音节以S结尾或者当根词以s结尾,si读[ʃ],TI, SI, CI中只有si 可以读[ʒ](除了equation中的ti)

12、ABBREVIATIONS 缩写词
Use a few letters to represent a larger word(Mr.=Mister, m=meter, CA=California).

13、CONTRACTIONS 缩略词
Replace a letter (or letters) with an apostropheto contract (or shorten)a phrase(I am=I’m)

14、Rule 1-1-1 suffix
Rule: With a one-syllable word ending in one vowelthen one consonant, double the last consonant before adding a vowel suffix(get,getting).
规则:以一个元音加一个辅音结尾的单音节单词,加以元音开头的后缀时,双写最后一个辅音。

15、Rule 2-1-1 Accent
Rule: With a two-syllable word ending in one vowelthe one consonant, double the last consonant before adding a vowel suffix IFthe accent is on the last syllable.(for get, for getting)
规则:以一个元音加一个辅音结尾的双音节或多音节词,加以元音开头的后缀时,如果重音在最后一个音节,则双写辅音后再加后缀。

16、E’s Dropping Rule
Rule: Silent final Es commonly lose the need forthe E when adding a vowel suffix(hope/hoping/hopeless). In words like noticeableor changeable rules 2 and 3 override rule 16.
规则:当加以元音开头的后缀时,一般要去掉结尾不发音的e。但是当符合规则2,3的词比如noticeable或changeable,要按照规则2,3,而不用规则16。

17、F F, L L, S S
Rule: We often double F, L, S after a single vowelat the end of a base word (off, all, confess).
Occasionally other letters are doubled in this way(ebb, odd, egg, inn, err, watt, jazz).
规则:单元音后面,词尾的f, l, s通常要双写。(有时还有其他一些字母也双写ebb, odd, egg, inn, err, watt, jazz)

18、AY
Rule: AY usually says [ei] at the end of a baseword (may, pay). When a word ends with a it says [a:](ma).
规则:ay用在单词结尾时通常读[ei]。在词尾的a读[a:]。

19、I&O
Rule: I and O may say [ai] and [əu] when followedby two consonants (find, cold).
规则:I 和O后面跟着两个辅音,可能发音[ai]和[əu]。

20、S, X &Suffix-es
Rule20-1: to make most nouns plural, just add-s.When the word hisses (ch, tch, sh, x, s, z), changes, or just stops with O,add-es. Occasional words have no change, an internal change, or an irregular spelling.
规则20-1:一般加s。尾音类似“嘶嘶”音的(ch, tch, sh, x, s, z)、需要y变i、f变v(wife/wives; fly/flies)、或者以o结尾的(tomato/tomatoes),加es。少量单词的复数形式保持原形不变(sheep/sheep),或只变中间(man/men),或是无变化规则的拼写形式(alumnus/alumni; piano/pianos)。

Rule20-2:X is never directly before S. (boxes, excel). There is a sound inX.
规则20-2:X从来不用在s前面。X里有的发音。

21、Dismiss L rule
Rule: the words ALL, FULL and till are writtenwith one L when they are added to another syllable. (almost, fulfill, careful,until).) v! L: c9 D" Y7 k0 H" c
规则:all,full, till, 当它们加到词根上形成另一个音节时,只写一个L。

22、DGE
Rule: DGE is used only after a single vowel which says [æ]-[e]--[ɔ]-[ʌ] (badge, edge, ridge, lodge, fudge).
规则:三个字母音图[dʒ](dge),可用在读[æ]-[e]--[ɔ]-[ʌ]的单元音后面。

23、TCH
Rule: TCH may be used after a single vowel which does not say [ei]-[i:]-[ai]-[əu]-[ju:](match, watch, sketch, blotch, crutch,butcher)
规则:TCH [ʧ], 可用在不读[ei]-[i:]-[ai]-[əu]-[ju:]的单元音后面。

24、Y’s Suffixes
Rule: The single vowel Y (not phonogram say, ey oroy) changes to i when adding a suffix(try/tried, pup py/pup pies)unless thesuffix starts with an i (-ing/try ing, -ish/ba by ish).
规则:以单元音y结尾的单词,加后缀时,要将y改成i,以i开头的后缀除外。

25、CK
Rule: CK used only after a single vowel which says[æ]-[e]--[ɔ]-[ʌ](back, peck, pick, pock et, truck)
规则:CK只用在读[æ]-[e]--[ɔ]-[ʌ]的单元音后面。

26、CAPITALIZE4
Rule: Individual names or titles ofpersons(Jesus), place(Ohio) or things(Bible).
规则:大写规则。专有名词首字母大写。

27、Z, NEVER S6 X; Z
Rule: The z, never s, is used to say [z] at thebeginning of a root word (zebra, zoo).
规则:单词开头发音[z],用z,永远不会用s。

28、ED
Rule: The ed says[d]and[t]as the past tense endingof any root word that does not end in the sound [d](killed)or[t](liked).Whenthe ed says[ed]after words ending with d(land/ land ed) or t(act/act ed)theyform another syllable.6 e( F, e) E' G9 V
规则:根词词尾读[d]或[t]时,过去式后缀ed读[ed],形成另一个音节。根词词尾不读[d]或[t]时,过去式后缀ed读[d]或[t]。根词词尾是voiced sound(浊音),读[d](voiced);根词词尾是unvoiced sound(清音),读[t](unvoiced)。

29、Double Consonants! 
Rule: Double consonants within words of more thanone syllable should both be sounded for spelling (lit tle, but ton)
规则:多音节单词中双写辅音的,为拼写目的需要都读出来(这是给指导教师听写用的规则,学生不需要学习)。


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