The cause of most language disabilities is unknown, but here are some terms to be familiar with:
Developmental aphasia. A problem in developing language that can result in poor pronunciation, limited speech, and problems with grammar
Expressive language disorder. A limited ability to speak (comprehension may be normal)
Receptive language disorder. A limited ability to understand the spoken word (speech may be normal)
Elective mutism. The use of language only in certain situations due to emotional blocks
Echolalia. A limiting of speech to repeating what others have said
Autistic speech. An abnormal inflection and intonation that gives the voice a robotlike quality
Psychotic or disorganized language. Language content is bizarre and lacks context
Even if a child has a severe speech defect that makes it almost impossible for others to understand her, parents should still try to teach the basics of conversation by doing the following:
Continuing to talk
Leaving pauses so the toddler can respond
Listening to the tone of voice and watching facial expressions and gestures for clues as to what is being said
Listening respectfully
Providing neutral responses that encourage talking, such as “Oh,” “Really?” and “Tell me more.”
Remember that even if you can't understand what your toddler is saying, she may well understand what you are saying. As long as you keep talking, she'll keep learning! For further information, contact the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association at (800) 638-8255.
