有十年教龄的ESL的英语老师教学研究案例

Intrudction介绍

My name's Nick, and when I'm not working on ESL-Kids.com, I'm teaching English at an English 'conversation' school in Japan.

我是Nick，我不是ESL-Kids.com的员工，我在日本教英语对话外教。
These 'In-Class' pages are designed to give some guidance to current teachers, or people considering teaching ESL to children. I've been teaching children ESL for ten years, and hope to share some of of what I've learned in that time with you.

“In-Class”是为那些英语老师或把英语当作非母语英语课程（English as a second language）教给孩子的家长，作为参考的。

Generally, children in Japan study at private English schools just once a week, usually for 45 minutes or an hour. Japanese parents tend to expect their children to learn English quickly and with ease, and also expect them to have lots of fun at the same time. We all know how hard this is, so the emphasis is on having fun with the children. After all, if the children are enjoying their classes, they will keep coming back week after week, and their English ability will slowly improve.
一般说来，日本的孩子在私人英语学校学习英语是每周一次课，长度是45分钟到1个小时。日本家长希望孩子既好又快的掌握英语，也希望他们从中得到一种乐 趣。众所周知这是很难办到的，所以教学重点还是让孩子们能够从中享受快乐。毕竟孩子主要还是享受课程，坚持每周都来学习的话，英语能力总是在一点点的提高。
I'm going to focus on an imaginary class of kindergarten children. I have chosen four children, each from the second year of Japanese kindergarten, which means they are either four or five years old. I have given each child a unique learning style and opposing personalities, to make this one of the more challenging classes! Fortunately, it's a small class with just the four kids. Phew!

我重点关注如何将幼儿英语课程设计的尽善尽美。我挑了4个孩子，都来自幼儿园（2年级），他们大都数在4-5 样子。根据他们不同的性格，在教学中采用不同的教学方式，让教学变得完美。幸运的是，这是只有4个人的小班。咂！

The next page details the learning styles and personalities of each child, and on page three I talk through the lesson, giving suggestions on what activities to do, and how to deal with the problems that arise. I wish there were a magic fix for problem children, but unfortunately every class and every child is different, and I can't guarantee that the methods I use will work for you.

下面是针对每个不同个性的孩子采用不同学习模式。教学的课程，教学活动的建议，教学过程问题的处理。我希望针对每个问题孩子都有神奇的解决方法，不幸的是，每一节课，每一个孩子都是不一样的。我不敢确保这些方法对你或你的孩子一样有用。

 

类型1：好动的孩子Hiroki(5岁）

 

Name: Hiroki
Age: 5
Learning Style: Kinesthetic. Being a kinesthetic learner, Hiroki learns best through physical movement. Total Physical Response (TPR) activities, in which the children respond physically to the teacher's commands, are most appropriate for children like Hiroki. Examples of TPR include forming ABC shapes with the body, actions like running, jumping, or touching things the teacher calls out. Songs with movement such as 'Hokey Pokey' and 'Head, Shoulders, Knees and Toes' can also be considered TPR.

学习类型：多动。一个多动的孩子，他最好的学习方式是通过肢体动作。全身反应法(TPR-全身反应法（total physical response）。是美国加州圣约瑟大学心理学教授詹姆士.阿歇尔(James Asher)于20世纪60年代提出的。这种方法倡导把语言和行为联系在一起，通过身体动作教授外语。 ），孩子喜欢用动作的反应来回应教师的教学指令，它适合像Hiroki这样类型的孩子。TPR的教学实例包括通过肢体来模拟ABC，一些动作英语，如running,jumping,或者按教师的指令方式接触物体。如含动作的歌曲“Hokey Pokey”及“Head,shoulders,kness and Toes'”等都考虑用TPR。
Personality: Overly energetic, Hiroki is the kind of student who just won't sit still. He's always happy, smiling, laughing, playing with the other children, climbing under the table, and making funny noises!

孩子个性：多动性，Hiroki就是这种坐不定的孩，他一副乐天派的样子，嬉闹，和别的孩子玩耍，爬上桌子，发出怪叫等。

 

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类型2：视觉型的孩子Naoko(5岁）

 

Name: Naoko
Age: 5
Learning Style: Visual. Naoko learns best from illustrations and text. She's at her best chorusing vocabulary from flashcards and playing games such as Quick Flash and Slow Peek with the picture cards. She also loves the textbook and has started to recognize written words.
Personality: The smart kid. Naoko learns quicker than the other children in her class. She's always the first to answer questions, and usually wins all the games - to the frustration of the other kids! However, Naoko gets annoyed easily, particulary with Hiroki, and she often complains about him, hoping the teacher will punish him. She also likes to point out everyone's mistakes, making them feel stupid.

学习类型：视觉型。Naoko喜欢使用插图和文字的方式来学习。她最喜欢跟读闪卡，你玩Quick Flash 或Slow Peek的图片卡。她喜欢均教科书，已经能够读懂文本上的文字。

孩子个性：乖巧型。Naoko比她班级的其它孩子都学的快。她总是第一个回答问题，在游戏中总能赢得第一，并且自鸣得意。然而，她也容易生气，特别和Hiroki在一起，她经常告他的小状，希望教师能够批评他。她以指出别人的错误为乐，觉得别人比她笨。

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类型3：听音型的孩子Sayaka(4岁）

 

Name: Sayaka
Age: 4
Learning Style: Auditory. Sayaka learns through songs, chants and story-telling. Although she doesn't always dance to the songs, she sings along and even sings when there's no music playing! She picks up on repetitive English quickly - particularly if it's chanted. For example, "Do you like apples? Yes, I do. Yes, I do. Yummy, Yummy, Yummy. No, I don't, No, I don't. Yuck!"
Personality: Quiet and shy. Every class has a quiet kid and Sayaka fits the bill. She does answer questions with some pressing, but her voice is so quiet you can barely hear her over the other children. She's sometimes reluctant to join in TPR activities and takes forever to complete any writing or drawing exercise. She's a lovely girl though - no trouble whatsoever... except when she cries, she just sits their with tears streaming down her face, usually caused by the other children picking on her or being too physical around her.

学习类型：听音型。Sayaka喜欢通过歌曲，吟唱或故事的形式来学习。虽然她并不乐意跟着歌曲跳舞，却喜欢即使在没有音乐时独自一个人唱。她对重复性英语歌曲掌握速度快。例如： "Do you like apples? Yes, I do. Yes, I do. Yummy, Yummy, Yummy. No, I don't, No, I don't. Yuck!"
孩子个性：文静且有点害羞。基本上每个班级都有像Sayaka这样文静孩子。她回答问题时或多或少有些压力，甚至有时候你跟其实小朋友相比，听不到她说话 的声音。有时候她不大愿意参与TPR活动，常常很乐意完成书写或绘画之类的练习。她应该属于招人喜欢的类型，没有多大的问题，除她有时候会嚎啕大哭，一般 是有孩子批评她或在弄痛她。
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类型4：触觉型的孩子Taichi(4岁）

Name: Taichi
Age: 4
Learning Style: Tactile. Taichi learns best by touching things, preferably objects as opposed to flashcards. Give him some plastic food, blocks, or even crayons and he's away!
Personality: Generally happy but easily upset. While he'll laugh and copy Hiroki (usually a bad thing!), he is often picked on by Naoko. Taichi is a bit slow, and his English is the lowest level in the class. He quickly forgets vocabulary taught through flashcards, and struggles with using crayons. Taichi also gets upset easily. Maybe he has a blue chair but wants a green one, or perhaps the air conditioning is too cold for him. There's always something troubling him.
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