第一章：各种状语的表达方法
在写作过程中， 状语的表达比较常用，下面向大家讲述几种状语的表达方法：
一:时间状语表达方法
时间状语通常由下列单词和词组引导:when( 当……时候),while (当……时候，在……期间),as(当……时候),before( 在……之前)after（在……以后), till/ until( 直到…… ), as soon as(一 ……就)
例如：
1. The when leading time form language often translates for" be the ……Of time", when of can use to continue sex verb from the sentence, can also use the moment verb.
For example:
John was chatting on the telephone when his mother came in. When his mother come in, John is making a phone call to chat.
Ben had a car accident when he was walking along the street. 当本在沿着街道走的时候发生了一场车祸。
I will go and visit you when it is fine. 当天气好的时候我去拜访你。
The film has already been on for five minutes when I arrived. 当我到达的时候，电影已经放映了五分钟。
**注意哦：1.when也可以作并列连词，表示一个动作正在进行的时候，突然间发生了另外一件事。
例如：
I was decorating my room with pictures, when someone broke in. 我正在用画装饰房间，突然有人闯了进来。
We were having our English class, when the lights went out. 我们正在上英语课，突然灯灭了。
The teacher was just about to read the text, when she stopped and looked around. 老师正要朗读课文，这时她突然停了下来并朝四周看了看。
***2. every time, the moment, the instant, the minute, the day, … 也可以引导时间状语从句，可以放在主句前面，也可以放在主句后面。
例如：
Every time she sees me, she smiled at me with a nod. 每次她一见到我，她都朝我点头微笑。
Every time he went to Beijing, he is used to visiting the the Monument to the People's Heroes. 他每次到北京都习惯去参观人民英雄纪念碑。
The moment they saw the manned-spaceship ShenzhouⅥ rising into the sky, they burst into tears with joy.
他们看到神州六号载人飞船升向空中时，他们流下了喜悦的泪水。
Athletes all made a dash for the finishing line the moment they heard the starting gun. 运动员们一听到发令枪响就冲向终点线。
The instant he received the letter from his pen-pal, he unfolded it at once.
他一收接到笔友信就马上打开了。
I felt much better the instant I took a dose of medicine. 服用一剂药后，我立即感到好多了。
The ferry started to sail the minute all the passengers had boarded. 乘客一上完，船就开始航行了。
We will leave for our destination the minute you are ready. 你一准备好我们就出发去目的地。
She is so charming that the minute a boy sees her, he will fall in love her.
她太迷人了，男孩子一见到她就会爱上她。
我的收获：I’m so intelligent that the instant I come across something new I can remember it well quickly. 我太聪明了，我一遇到新的东西就能很快地把它记住
Exercise:
I. Put the words in each sentence into the right order. 把下列句子中的单词按正确的顺序排列。
1) saw when he us waved his hand.
2) it raining hard we was when arrived at the Forbidden City.
3) when reached I the bus-stop the had left bus
4) talking Alice with was others mother her called when her.
5) open was about to Emily the door fell when she over.
Suggested Keys：
1）When he saw us, he waved his hand.
2）It was raining hard when we arrived at the Forbidden City.
3）When I reached the bus-stop, the bus had left.
4）Alice was talking with others when her mother called her.
5) Emily was about to open the door when she fell over.
II. Extend the following sentences with the word “ when…” 用“when…”扩写下列句子。
1）I was fishing by the river, when…
2) We were planting trees
3) Linda was just about to rise from her chair when …
4) Flowers will blossom when …
5) Mum and I was shopping at the shopping mall when…
Suggested Keys:
Any reasonable answer is accepted.
III. Translate the sentences below. 翻译下列句子：
1）当他进来的时候我在弹钢琴。
2）我在操场上跑步的时候丢了一只钢笔。
3）我有空的时候会去拜访亲戚朋友。
4）他到家的时候，他姐姐已经离开2天了。
5）我正要去拖地，这是电话铃响了。
Suggested Keys:
1) I was playing the piano when he came in.
2) I lost a pen when I was running in the playground.
3) I will visit my friends and relatives when I am free.
4) When he arrived home, his sister had been away for two days.
5) I was just about to mop the floor when the bell rang.with others when her mother called her.
5）Emily was just about to open the door, when she fell over。
2. while 引导时间状语时常译为“和……同时，在……期间”“当……的时候”，while所在的从句中动词通常用延续性动词或表示状态的词。
例如：.
The naughty boy made a loud noise while his English teacher was giving the lesson. 英语老师上课的时候，这个调皮的小孩弄出了很大的噪音。
While I’m watching TV, she is reading. 我在看电视时，她在读书。
While the students were busy reading and writing, the teacher turned back and wrote several letters on the blackboard.
学生在不停地读和写时，老师转过身在黑板上写了几个单词。
Don’t touch my cake while I am away. 我离开的时候不要动我的蛋糕。
I heard of her while I was at school. 我在学校的时候听说过她。
I made quite a few good friends while I was in Los Angles. 在洛杉矶期间，我交了很多好朋友。
Judy loves doing her homework while listening to the music. 茱蒂喜欢边做作业边听音乐。
Let me know first when you arrived in Shanghai. 你到上海时先让我知道。
Judy loves doing her homework while listening to the music. 茱蒂喜欢边做作业边听音乐。
Let me know first when you arrived in Shanghai. 你到上海时先让我知道。
注意：
1. while和when 有区别的哦：
区别一: when表示从句动作与主句动作同时发生或先于主句动作，可以指一段时间也可以指特定的时间点；while表示从句动作主句动作同时发生，表示“和……同时”或“一边…一边…”，通常指一段时间。所以当表示时间段(该动作表示状态或持续)的时候, when 和while 可以互换;但是如果表示时间点(该动作是瞬间发生的)的时候,只能用when.
例如:
While /When I was decorating our rooms with balloons for my mother’s surprise birthday party, Alice, my good friend, entered. (表示时间的"一段")
我在用气球为妈妈惊奇生日派对装饰房间时,我好朋友爱丽丝进来了.
When Alice, my good friend, entered., I was decorating our rooms with balloons for my mother’s surprise birthday party. (表示时间的"一点")
我好朋友爱丽丝进来时, 我在用气球为妈妈惊奇生日派对装饰房间.
区别二: when 引导的时间状语从句可以表示”突然,正在这时”解, 在这种情况下, when不能用while代替.
例如:
I was walking along the street when I saw a car accident happen. 我在沿街走的时候突然看见了一场车祸发生.
We were watching cartoons from Japan when the light went out. 我们在看日本卡通片的时候突然灯灭了.
2. while 也可以表示“然而”，通常表示与主句作对比。
例如：
My sister drinks black coffee while I prefer it with cream. 我姐姐喝纯咖啡而我较喜欢加奶油的咖啡。
I have only learnt 5,000 words while my sister has learnt 10,000 words. 我只学了5000个单词，而我的姐姐已经学了10000个单词了。
I came home for seeing my parents while she came home for letting her parents see her. 我回家是为了看我父母，而她回家是为了让父母看她。
3. while 还可以引导让步状语从句，意为"虽然，一方面……"，相当于although。
例如：
While I admit that there are some problems, I don't think we have nothing to do with them. 尽管我承认有问题存在，但我认为我们并不是束手无策的。
4. while 可以作名词使用，意思是"一段时间"(a period of time)，并构成了一些短语，这些短语用的时态也不尽相同，如：for a while (minute) "一会儿"；in a while (minute), "一会儿之后"，一般用于将来时；once in a while (=occasionally) "间或，偶尔"，多用于一般现在时。
例如：
Let me stay alone for a while. 让我一个人待一会。
Don’t’ worry, Kitty. Mum will come back to see you in a while. 不要担心，凯蒂。妈妈一会儿就会回来看你的。
We should come back to chat with our parents once for a while. 我们应该偶尔回家和父母聊会天。
5. while引导时间状语从句时,如果主句和从句主语一致，可省略从句的主语和系动词，因此从句可以表达为：while+doing/介词短语等。
例如：
My mother often falls asleep while (she is) watching TV. 妈妈经常在看电视的时候睡着.
Si Maqian began to write Historical Records while (he was) in prison. 司马迁在狱中开始写<<史记>>.
Exercise:
*I. Put the words in each sentence into the right order. 把下列句子中的单词按正确的顺序排列。
1) be upset will people the thieves while at large are still .
2) my cousin a great noise made was playing while he his toys.
3) Mr. Johnson walking was the river along while he the last of the afternoon sun was enjoying
4）fell asleep Jack when was giving a lesson to him the tutor.
Suggested Keys:
1) People will be upset while the thieves are still at large.
2) My cousin made a great noise while he was playing his toys.
3) Mr. Johnson was walking along the river while he was enjoying the last of the afternoon sun.
4）Jack fell asleep when the tutor was giving a lesson to him.
**II. Extend the following sentences with the word “ while…” 用“while…”扩写下列句子。
1) Let’s start our game with a riddle while…
2) It’s too dangerous to cross the street while…
3) Make sure all the lights are off while…
Suggested Keys:
Any reasonable answer is accepted.
***III. Translate the sentences below. 翻译下列句子：
1) 我在白天上班，而姐姐在晚上上班。
2) 琳达做有关中国传统节日的期间采访了很多人。
3) 妈妈不在家的时候我照顾小弟弟。
Suggested Keys:
1) I work at daytime, while my sister works at night.
2) Linda interviewed many people while she was doing a project on Chinese traditional festivals.
3) I look after my little brother while my mother is away from home.
3. as引导时间状语从句时常译为“当……的时候，一边……一边”as的从句中的谓语动词可使用延续性动词，也可使用瞬间动词。
例如：.
Juliet sang as she was working . 朱丽叶一边工作一边唱歌。
As time goes by, we understand each other better . 随着时间的推移，我们互相有了更好的理解。
As she drives home for dinner, she turns on the car radio and tries to relax. 当她驱车回家的时候，她打开汽车上的收音机并且试着放松下来。
Exercise:
*I. Put the words in each sentence into the right order. 把下列句子中的单词按正确的顺序排列。
1) she was a s a three-year-old she girl little knows about outside the world.
2) time as goes by will the world more peaceful become.
3) saw him I he when was off getting the express train.
Suggested Keys:
1）As she was a three-year-old girl, she knows little about the world outside.
2) As time goes by, the world will become more peaceful.
3) I saw him when he was getting off the express train.
**II. Extend the following sentences with the word “ as…” 用“as…”扩写下列句子。
1) Magellan’s（麦哲伦）trip told us that the world is round as …
2) I always feel happy as…
3) Robby found his lost wallet as …
Suggested Keys:
Any reasonable answer is accepted.
***III. Translate the sentences below. 翻译下列句子.
1) 当我走到收银台付账时发现钱丢了。
2) 福特小时候住在菲律宾。
3) 随着年龄的增长，你会变得更聪明。
Suggested Keys:
1) As I walked to the checkout desk, I found my money was lost.
2) As a child, Ford lived in the Philippines.
3) You will be wiser as you grow older.
4. before和after引导时间状语从句时分别表示“在……之前” “在……之后”，before强调主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前，而after强调主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。
例如：
We’d better finish our homework before the winter vocation is over. 我们最好在寒假结束之前完成家庭作业。
See me before you leave for Paris. 你去巴黎之前过来见我。
I’ll call you after five o’clock. 五点以后我会给你打电话。
It’s not safe to go out after dark. 天黑以后出去不安全。
Exercise:
*I. Put the words in each sentence into the right order. 把下列句子中的单词按正确的顺序排列。
1) I go will you after in good condition are
2) gets up my mother dawn before every day
3) He trust should you you him after tell all the truth
Suggested Keys:
1) I will go after you are in good condition.
2) My mother gets up before dawn every day.
3) He should trust you after you tell him all the truth.
**II. Extend the following sentences with the word “before / after…”用“before/ after…”扩写下列句子。
1) I found his pen …
2) We will finish our project …
3) He had been a cook …
Suggested Keys:
Any reasonable answer is accepted.
***III. Translate the sentences below. 翻译下列句子：
1) 他们到上海之后，我会带他们游览东方明珠电视塔。
2) 在我告诉你实话前，你要答应我不要生气。
3) 三分钟步行之后，史密使一家来到了一个大百货商场。
Suggested Keys:
1) After they arrived in Shanghai, I will show them around the Oriental Pearl TV Tower.
2) Before I tell you the truth, you should promise me not to be angry.
3) After three minutes’ walk, the Smiths arrived at a big shopping mall.
.
5. as soon as引导时间状语从句时常译为“一……就……”。
例如：
My best friend, Kid, sent me an e-mail as soon as he reached home. 我的好朋友吉特一到家就给我发了个电子邮件。
“ I will spend a whole year touring as soon as I graduate from my college.” John said.
我一大学毕业就要用整整一个年的时间来旅游。
The president, George W. Bush, waved to the crowed as soon as he got off the plane.
布什总统一下飞机就向人群招手示意。
As soon as 的位置可以放在主句之后，也可以放在主句之前，比如：
该句
He always plays the computer games as soon as he finishes his homework. 他总是一做完作业就打电脑游戏。
也可以表达为：
As soon as he finishes his homework he always plays the computer games.
注意: once, directly, the moment, the instant和as soon as都可作“一…就”解，通常可以互换，
Exercise:
*I. Put the words in each sentence into the right order. 把下列句子中的单词按正确的顺序排列。
1) will go to he his parents see as soon as gets he here.
2) got everything ready Alice ready as soon as got she to school.
3) hand in please composition your as soon as finish it you.
Suggested Keys:
1) He will go to see his parents as soon as he gets here.
2) Alice got everything ready as soon as she got to school.
3) Please hand in your composition as soon as you finish it.
**II. Extend the following sentences with the word “as soon as…” 用“as soon as…”扩写下列句子。
1) We will have a warm party for him as soon as…
2) He will buy a tourist guide as soon as…
3) Jack gave his parents a big surprise as soon as…
Suggested Keys:
Any reasonable answer is accepted.
***III. Translate the sentences below. 翻译下列句子：
1) 哥哥一大学毕业，爸爸就把公司移交给他了。
2）对他来说，一放学回家就打电脑游戏是不对的。
3）海伦一遇到麻烦的事情就听莫扎特的音乐。
Suggested Keys:
1) As soon as my brother graduated from the college, my father turned the company over to him.
2) It is not right for him to play the computer game as soon as he gets back home from school.
3) As soon as Helen meets something trouble, she will listen to the music by Mozart.
6. since引导时间状语从句时常译为“自从……”，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。
例如：
Jenny and I have been good friends since childhood.
Mr. White has been in charge of this computer software company since three years ago.
I have worked in Shanghai China Travel Service since I left school.
注意：在现在完成时中的时间状语引导词“since”可与“for” 换用
但不同的是since 引导的时间是时间点，即该动作开始的时间；for引导的时间是时间段，即该动作持续的时间。
如：
The poor young man has made a living by playing the violin since two years ago.
这个可怜的年轻人自从两年前就以拉小提琴为生了。
该句可以变为：
The poor young man has made a living by playing the violin for two years.
We haven’t seen each other since we parted . 我们自从分手以后一直没见过面。
与since 搭配得句型：
“It is +时间段+since从句”自从……有多长时间了。
例如：
It is six years since Miss White became a musician.
(= Miss White has been a musician since six years ago.
（自从）怀特小姐成为音乐家已有六年的时间了。
Exercise:
*I.Put the words in each sentence into the right order. 把下列句子中的单词按正确的顺序排列。
1） Chinese people Chinese New Year have celebrated since hundreds of years ago with firecrackers and lion dancers.
2） He has since two years ago been away.
3） They have at the table since an hour ago played draughts (跳棋).
Suggested Keys:
1)Chinese people have celebrated Chinese New Year with firecrackers and lion dancers since hundreds of years ago.
2)He has been away since two years ago.
3)They have played draughts at the table since an hour ago.
**II．Extend the following sentences with the word “since…” 用“since…”扩写下列句子。
1) The lights have been on …
2) I have been a member of the Youth League since…
3) Peter has been away from home since…
Suggested Keys:
Any reasonable answer is accepted.
***III. Translate the sentences below. 翻译下列句子：
1) 倾盆大雨已经下了两天了。
2）他们已经很久没有修理这个浴室的水槽(sink)了。
3）自从那时候，白雪公主和七个小矮人（dwarf）就过上了快乐的生活。(lead a happy life)
Suggested Keys:
1) It has rained cats and dogs since two days ago / It has rained cats and dogs for two days.
2) They haven’t repaired the bathroom sink since a long time ago / They haven’t repaired the bathroom sink for a long time.
3) Snow White and the Seven Dwarves/ Dwarfs have led a happy life since then.
7. till和until引导时间状语从句时译为“直到……为止”，not … till / until引导的时间状语从句，译为“直到……才”。前者强调主句动作的结束，用延续性动词，后者强调主句动作的开始，用瞬间动词。
例如：
We will wait for our friend until / till he comes . 我们要一直等到我们的朋友来。
They won’t start their discussion until / till the chairman of the board comes .
他们要等到董事长来了，再开始他们的讨论。
注意哦： till 和until 通常是可以互换的，但若在句首则多用until：
例如：Mum waited until (till) my elder brother phoned back. 妈妈一直等到哥哥打电话回来。
Nothing can be done until/ till the headmaster returns. 校长不回来什么事情都不能做。
Poor Jack didn’t sit down until / till he was asked to. 可怜的杰克直到被要求坐他才坐下。
Until you told me I had no idea about his coming. 直到你告诉我，我才知道他来了。
till / until在表达方式和意义上的特殊性：until是till的强调形式，但是它们表达的意义是相同的，都表示"直到某时"。不过，当主句是否定句时，它引出的意思是"直到（某时）（某动作）才（发生）" ，这时候常会出现"not until …"的结构，如果将 "not until …"的结构放在句首，那么主句要写成倒装句。例如：
He didn't go to sleep until 12 last night .
他昨晚直到十二点钟才睡觉。
They didn't realize their fault till we pointed it out to them .
直到我们向他们指出了他们的错误，他们才意识到。
Not until we pointed out their fault to them did they realize it .
直到我们向他们指出了他们的错误，他们才意识到。
但是，当主句是肯定句时，它引出的意思是"直到（某时某动作停止了）" 。例如：
The students made much noise till the teacher came into the classroom .
直到老师走进教室学生们才停止了大声喧哗。
The young couple were very happy until they used up all their money .
那对年青夫妇直到花光了所有的钱才沮丧起来。
另外，until 可以放在句首而till则不行。我们可以说：Until they used up all their money, the young couple were very happy .我们却不可以说：Till they used up all their money, the young couple were very happy .
Exercise:
* I.Put the words in each sentence into the right order. 把下列句子中的单词按正确的顺序排列。
1) till walk come to you a white house.
2) Leave until Judy can’t Friday.
3) We till sang danced and dawn.
Suggested Keys:
1) Walk till you come to a white house.
2) Judy can’t leave until Friday.
3) We sang and danced till dawn.
**II．Extend the following sentences with the word “till/ until…” 用“till/ until…”扩写下列句子。
1) People do not know the value of health till / until…
2) Till / Until…. you can’t go out for fun.
3) We talked on and on until / till…
Suggested Keys:
Any reasonable answer is accepted.
***III.Translate the sentences below. 翻译下列句子：
1) 在你的作业被完成以前你不能离开
2）我们要到星期四才能去紫禁城。
3）他不回来什么也不能做。
Suggested Keys:
1）You cannot leave until your homework is finished / You cannot leave until you finish your homework .
2) We can't go to the Forbidden City until Thursday.
3) Until he returns, nothing can be done.
在写作过程中， 状语的表达比较常用，下面向大家讲述几种状语的表达方法：
一:时间状语表达方法
时间状语通常由下列单词和词组引导:when( 当……时候),while (当……时候，在……期间),as(当……时候),before( 在……之前)after（在……以后), till/ until( 直到…… ), as soon as(一 ……就)
例如：
1. The when leading time form language often translates for" be the ……Of time", when of can use to continue sex verb from the sentence, can also use the moment verb.
For example:
John was chatting on the telephone when his mother came in. When his mother come in, John is making a phone call to chat.
Ben had a car accident when he was walking along the street. 当本在沿着街道走的时候发生了一场车祸。
I will go and visit you when it is fine. 当天气好的时候我去拜访你。
The film has already been on for five minutes when I arrived. 当我到达的时候，电影已经放映了五分钟。
**注意哦：1.when也可以作并列连词，表示一个动作正在进行的时候，突然间发生了另外一件事。
例如：
I was decorating my room with pictures, when someone broke in. 我正在用画装饰房间，突然有人闯了进来。
We were having our English class, when the lights went out. 我们正在上英语课，突然灯灭了。
The teacher was just about to read the text, when she stopped and looked around. 老师正要朗读课文，这时她突然停了下来并朝四周看了看。
***2. every time, the moment, the instant, the minute, the day, … 也可以引导时间状语从句，可以放在主句前面，也可以放在主句后面。
例如：
Every time she sees me, she smiled at me with a nod. 每次她一见到我，她都朝我点头微笑。
Every time he went to Beijing, he is used to visiting the the Monument to the People's Heroes. 他每次到北京都习惯去参观人民英雄纪念碑。
The moment they saw the manned-spaceship ShenzhouⅥ rising into the sky, they burst into tears with joy.
他们看到神州六号载人飞船升向空中时，他们流下了喜悦的泪水。
Athletes all made a dash for the finishing line the moment they heard the starting gun. 运动员们一听到发令枪响就冲向终点线。
The instant he received the letter from his pen-pal, he unfolded it at once.
他一收接到笔友信就马上打开了。
I felt much better the instant I took a dose of medicine. 服用一剂药后，我立即感到好多了。
The ferry started to sail the minute all the passengers had boarded. 乘客一上完，船就开始航行了。
We will leave for our destination the minute you are ready. 你一准备好我们就出发去目的地。
She is so charming that the minute a boy sees her, he will fall in love her.
她太迷人了，男孩子一见到她就会爱上她。
我的收获：I’m so intelligent that the instant I come across something new I can remember it well quickly. 我太聪明了，我一遇到新的东西就能很快地把它记住
Exercise:
I. Put the words in each sentence into the right order. 把下列句子中的单词按正确的顺序排列。
1) saw when he us waved his hand.
2) it raining hard we was when arrived at the Forbidden City.
3) when reached I the bus-stop the had left bus
4) talking Alice with was others mother her called when her.
5) open was about to Emily the door fell when she over.
Suggested Keys：
1）When he saw us, he waved his hand.
2）It was raining hard when we arrived at the Forbidden City.
3）When I reached the bus-stop, the bus had left.
4）Alice was talking with others when her mother called her.
5) Emily was about to open the door when she fell over.
II. Extend the following sentences with the word “ when…” 用“when…”扩写下列句子。
1）I was fishing by the river, when…
2) We were planting trees
3) Linda was just about to rise from her chair when …
4) Flowers will blossom when …
5) Mum and I was shopping at the shopping mall when…
Suggested Keys:
Any reasonable answer is accepted.
III. Translate the sentences below. 翻译下列句子：
1）当他进来的时候我在弹钢琴。
2）我在操场上跑步的时候丢了一只钢笔。
3）我有空的时候会去拜访亲戚朋友。
4）他到家的时候，他姐姐已经离开2天了。
5）我正要去拖地，这是电话铃响了。
Suggested Keys:
1) I was playing the piano when he came in.
2) I lost a pen when I was running in the playground.
3) I will visit my friends and relatives when I am free.
4) When he arrived home, his sister had been away for two days.
5) I was just about to mop the floor when the bell rang.with others when her mother called her.
5）Emily was just about to open the door, when she fell over。
2. while 引导时间状语时常译为“和……同时，在……期间”“当……的时候”，while所在的从句中动词通常用延续性动词或表示状态的词。
例如：.
The naughty boy made a loud noise while his English teacher was giving the lesson. 英语老师上课的时候，这个调皮的小孩弄出了很大的噪音。
While I’m watching TV, she is reading. 我在看电视时，她在读书。
While the students were busy reading and writing, the teacher turned back and wrote several letters on the blackboard.
学生在不停地读和写时，老师转过身在黑板上写了几个单词。
Don’t touch my cake while I am away. 我离开的时候不要动我的蛋糕。
I heard of her while I was at school. 我在学校的时候听说过她。
I made quite a few good friends while I was in Los Angles. 在洛杉矶期间，我交了很多好朋友。
Judy loves doing her homework while listening to the music. 茱蒂喜欢边做作业边听音乐。
Let me know first when you arrived in Shanghai. 你到上海时先让我知道。
Judy loves doing her homework while listening to the music. 茱蒂喜欢边做作业边听音乐。
Let me know first when you arrived in Shanghai. 你到上海时先让我知道。
注意：
1. while和when 有区别的哦：
区别一: when表示从句动作与主句动作同时发生或先于主句动作，可以指一段时间也可以指特定的时间点；while表示从句动作主句动作同时发生，表示“和……同时”或“一边…一边…”，通常指一段时间。所以当表示时间段(该动作表示状态或持续)的时候, when 和while 可以互换;但是如果表示时间点(该动作是瞬间发生的)的时候,只能用when.
例如:
While /When I was decorating our rooms with balloons for my mother’s surprise birthday party, Alice, my good friend, entered. (表示时间的"一段")
我在用气球为妈妈惊奇生日派对装饰房间时,我好朋友爱丽丝进来了.
When Alice, my good friend, entered., I was decorating our rooms with balloons for my mother’s surprise birthday party. (表示时间的"一点")
我好朋友爱丽丝进来时, 我在用气球为妈妈惊奇生日派对装饰房间.
区别二: when 引导的时间状语从句可以表示”突然,正在这时”解, 在这种情况下, when不能用while代替.
例如:
I was walking along the street when I saw a car accident happen. 我在沿街走的时候突然看见了一场车祸发生.
We were watching cartoons from Japan when the light went out. 我们在看日本卡通片的时候突然灯灭了.
2. while 也可以表示“然而”，通常表示与主句作对比。
例如：
My sister drinks black coffee while I prefer it with cream. 我姐姐喝纯咖啡而我较喜欢加奶油的咖啡。
I have only learnt 5,000 words while my sister has learnt 10,000 words. 我只学了5000个单词，而我的姐姐已经学了10000个单词了。
I came home for seeing my parents while she came home for letting her parents see her. 我回家是为了看我父母，而她回家是为了让父母看她。
3. while 还可以引导让步状语从句，意为"虽然，一方面……"，相当于although。
例如：
While I admit that there are some problems, I don't think we have nothing to do with them. 尽管我承认有问题存在，但我认为我们并不是束手无策的。
4. while 可以作名词使用，意思是"一段时间"(a period of time)，并构成了一些短语，这些短语用的时态也不尽相同，如：for a while (minute) "一会儿"；in a while (minute), "一会儿之后"，一般用于将来时；once in a while (=occasionally) "间或，偶尔"，多用于一般现在时。
例如：
Let me stay alone for a while. 让我一个人待一会。
Don’t’ worry, Kitty. Mum will come back to see you in a while. 不要担心，凯蒂。妈妈一会儿就会回来看你的。
We should come back to chat with our parents once for a while. 我们应该偶尔回家和父母聊会天。
5. while引导时间状语从句时,如果主句和从句主语一致，可省略从句的主语和系动词，因此从句可以表达为：while+doing/介词短语等。
例如：
My mother often falls asleep while (she is) watching TV. 妈妈经常在看电视的时候睡着.
Si Maqian began to write Historical Records while (he was) in prison. 司马迁在狱中开始写<<史记>>.
Exercise:
*I. Put the words in each sentence into the right order. 把下列句子中的单词按正确的顺序排列。
1) be upset will people the thieves while at large are still .
2) my cousin a great noise made was playing while he his toys.
3) Mr. Johnson walking was the river along while he the last of the afternoon sun was enjoying
4）fell asleep Jack when was giving a lesson to him the tutor.
Suggested Keys:
1) People will be upset while the thieves are still at large.
2) My cousin made a great noise while he was playing his toys.
3) Mr. Johnson was walking along the river while he was enjoying the last of the afternoon sun.
4）Jack fell asleep when the tutor was giving a lesson to him.
**II. Extend the following sentences with the word “ while…” 用“while…”扩写下列句子。
1) Let’s start our game with a riddle while…
2) It’s too dangerous to cross the street while…
3) Make sure all the lights are off while…
Suggested Keys:
Any reasonable answer is accepted.
***III. Translate the sentences below. 翻译下列句子：
1) 我在白天上班，而姐姐在晚上上班。
2) 琳达做有关中国传统节日的期间采访了很多人。
3) 妈妈不在家的时候我照顾小弟弟。
Suggested Keys:
1) I work at daytime, while my sister works at night.
2) Linda interviewed many people while she was doing a project on Chinese traditional festivals.
3) I look after my little brother while my mother is away from home.
3. as引导时间状语从句时常译为“当……的时候，一边……一边”as的从句中的谓语动词可使用延续性动词，也可使用瞬间动词。
例如：.
Juliet sang as she was working . 朱丽叶一边工作一边唱歌。
As time goes by, we understand each other better . 随着时间的推移，我们互相有了更好的理解。
As she drives home for dinner, she turns on the car radio and tries to relax. 当她驱车回家的时候，她打开汽车上的收音机并且试着放松下来。
Exercise:
*I. Put the words in each sentence into the right order. 把下列句子中的单词按正确的顺序排列。
1) she was a s a three-year-old she girl little knows about outside the world.
2) time as goes by will the world more peaceful become.
3) saw him I he when was off getting the express train.
Suggested Keys:
1）As she was a three-year-old girl, she knows little about the world outside.
2) As time goes by, the world will become more peaceful.
3) I saw him when he was getting off the express train.
**II. Extend the following sentences with the word “ as…” 用“as…”扩写下列句子。
1) Magellan’s（麦哲伦）trip told us that the world is round as …
2) I always feel happy as…
3) Robby found his lost wallet as …
Suggested Keys:
Any reasonable answer is accepted.
***III. Translate the sentences below. 翻译下列句子.
1) 当我走到收银台付账时发现钱丢了。
2) 福特小时候住在菲律宾。
3) 随着年龄的增长，你会变得更聪明。
Suggested Keys:
1) As I walked to the checkout desk, I found my money was lost.
2) As a child, Ford lived in the Philippines.
3) You will be wiser as you grow older.
4. before和after引导时间状语从句时分别表示“在……之前” “在……之后”，before强调主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前，而after强调主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。
例如：
We’d better finish our homework before the winter vocation is over. 我们最好在寒假结束之前完成家庭作业。
See me before you leave for Paris. 你去巴黎之前过来见我。
I’ll call you after five o’clock. 五点以后我会给你打电话。
It’s not safe to go out after dark. 天黑以后出去不安全。
Exercise:
*I. Put the words in each sentence into the right order. 把下列句子中的单词按正确的顺序排列。
1) I go will you after in good condition are
2) gets up my mother dawn before every day
3) He trust should you you him after tell all the truth
Suggested Keys:
1) I will go after you are in good condition.
2) My mother gets up before dawn every day.
3) He should trust you after you tell him all the truth.
**II. Extend the following sentences with the word “before / after…”用“before/ after…”扩写下列句子。
1) I found his pen …
2) We will finish our project …
3) He had been a cook …
Suggested Keys:
Any reasonable answer is accepted.
***III. Translate the sentences below. 翻译下列句子：
1) 他们到上海之后，我会带他们游览东方明珠电视塔。
2) 在我告诉你实话前，你要答应我不要生气。
3) 三分钟步行之后，史密使一家来到了一个大百货商场。
Suggested Keys:
1) After they arrived in Shanghai, I will show them around the Oriental Pearl TV Tower.
2) Before I tell you the truth, you should promise me not to be angry.
3) After three minutes’ walk, the Smiths arrived at a big shopping mall.
.
5. as soon as引导时间状语从句时常译为“一……就……”。
例如：
My best friend, Kid, sent me an e-mail as soon as he reached home. 我的好朋友吉特一到家就给我发了个电子邮件。
“ I will spend a whole year touring as soon as I graduate from my college.” John said.
我一大学毕业就要用整整一个年的时间来旅游。
The president, George W. Bush, waved to the crowed as soon as he got off the plane.
布什总统一下飞机就向人群招手示意。
As soon as 的位置可以放在主句之后，也可以放在主句之前，比如：
该句
He always plays the computer games as soon as he finishes his homework. 他总是一做完作业就打电脑游戏。
也可以表达为：
As soon as he finishes his homework he always plays the computer games.
注意: once, directly, the moment, the instant和as soon as都可作“一…就”解，通常可以互换，
Exercise:
*I. Put the words in each sentence into the right order. 把下列句子中的单词按正确的顺序排列。
1) will go to he his parents see as soon as gets he here.
2) got everything ready Alice ready as soon as got she to school.
3) hand in please composition your as soon as finish it you.
Suggested Keys:
1) He will go to see his parents as soon as he gets here.
2) Alice got everything ready as soon as she got to school.
3) Please hand in your composition as soon as you finish it.
**II. Extend the following sentences with the word “as soon as…” 用“as soon as…”扩写下列句子。
1) We will have a warm party for him as soon as…
2) He will buy a tourist guide as soon as…
3) Jack gave his parents a big surprise as soon as…
Suggested Keys:
Any reasonable answer is accepted.
***III. Translate the sentences below. 翻译下列句子：
1) 哥哥一大学毕业，爸爸就把公司移交给他了。
2）对他来说，一放学回家就打电脑游戏是不对的。
3）海伦一遇到麻烦的事情就听莫扎特的音乐。
Suggested Keys:
1) As soon as my brother graduated from the college, my father turned the company over to him.
2) It is not right for him to play the computer game as soon as he gets back home from school.
3) As soon as Helen meets something trouble, she will listen to the music by Mozart.
6. since引导时间状语从句时常译为“自从……”，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。
例如：
Jenny and I have been good friends since childhood.
Mr. White has been in charge of this computer software company since three years ago.
I have worked in Shanghai China Travel Service since I left school.
注意：在现在完成时中的时间状语引导词“since”可与“for” 换用
但不同的是since 引导的时间是时间点，即该动作开始的时间；for引导的时间是时间段，即该动作持续的时间。
如：
The poor young man has made a living by playing the violin since two years ago.
这个可怜的年轻人自从两年前就以拉小提琴为生了。
该句可以变为：
The poor young man has made a living by playing the violin for two years.
We haven’t seen each other since we parted . 我们自从分手以后一直没见过面。
与since 搭配得句型：
“It is +时间段+since从句”自从……有多长时间了。
例如：
It is six years since Miss White became a musician.
(= Miss White has been a musician since six years ago.
（自从）怀特小姐成为音乐家已有六年的时间了。
Exercise:
*I.Put the words in each sentence into the right order. 把下列句子中的单词按正确的顺序排列。
1） Chinese people Chinese New Year have celebrated since hundreds of years ago with firecrackers and lion dancers.
2） He has since two years ago been away.
3） They have at the table since an hour ago played draughts (跳棋).
Suggested Keys:
1)Chinese people have celebrated Chinese New Year with firecrackers and lion dancers since hundreds of years ago.
2)He has been away since two years ago.
3)They have played draughts at the table since an hour ago.
**II．Extend the following sentences with the word “since…” 用“since…”扩写下列句子。
1) The lights have been on …
2) I have been a member of the Youth League since…
3) Peter has been away from home since…
Suggested Keys:
Any reasonable answer is accepted.
***III. Translate the sentences below. 翻译下列句子：
1) 倾盆大雨已经下了两天了。
2）他们已经很久没有修理这个浴室的水槽(sink)了。
3）自从那时候，白雪公主和七个小矮人（dwarf）就过上了快乐的生活。(lead a happy life)
Suggested Keys:
1) It has rained cats and dogs since two days ago / It has rained cats and dogs for two days.
2) They haven’t repaired the bathroom sink since a long time ago / They haven’t repaired the bathroom sink for a long time.
3) Snow White and the Seven Dwarves/ Dwarfs have led a happy life since then.
7. till和until引导时间状语从句时译为“直到……为止”，not … till / until引导的时间状语从句，译为“直到……才”。前者强调主句动作的结束，用延续性动词，后者强调主句动作的开始，用瞬间动词。
例如：
We will wait for our friend until / till he comes . 我们要一直等到我们的朋友来。
They won’t start their discussion until / till the chairman of the board comes .
他们要等到董事长来了，再开始他们的讨论。
注意哦： till 和until 通常是可以互换的，但若在句首则多用until：
例如：Mum waited until (till) my elder brother phoned back. 妈妈一直等到哥哥打电话回来。
Nothing can be done until/ till the headmaster returns. 校长不回来什么事情都不能做。
Poor Jack didn’t sit down until / till he was asked to. 可怜的杰克直到被要求坐他才坐下。
Until you told me I had no idea about his coming. 直到你告诉我，我才知道他来了。
till / until在表达方式和意义上的特殊性：until是till的强调形式，但是它们表达的意义是相同的，都表示"直到某时"。不过，当主句是否定句时，它引出的意思是"直到（某时）（某动作）才（发生）" ，这时候常会出现"not until …"的结构，如果将 "not until …"的结构放在句首，那么主句要写成倒装句。例如：
He didn't go to sleep until 12 last night .
他昨晚直到十二点钟才睡觉。
They didn't realize their fault till we pointed it out to them .
直到我们向他们指出了他们的错误，他们才意识到。
Not until we pointed out their fault to them did they realize it .
直到我们向他们指出了他们的错误，他们才意识到。
但是，当主句是肯定句时，它引出的意思是"直到（某时某动作停止了）" 。例如：
The students made much noise till the teacher came into the classroom .
直到老师走进教室学生们才停止了大声喧哗。
The young couple were very happy until they used up all their money .
那对年青夫妇直到花光了所有的钱才沮丧起来。
另外，until 可以放在句首而till则不行。我们可以说：Until they used up all their money, the young couple were very happy .我们却不可以说：Till they used up all their money, the young couple were very happy .
Exercise:
* I.Put the words in each sentence into the right order. 把下列句子中的单词按正确的顺序排列。
1) till walk come to you a white house.
2) Leave until Judy can’t Friday.
3) We till sang danced and dawn.
Suggested Keys:
1) Walk till you come to a white house.
2) Judy can’t leave until Friday.
3) We sang and danced till dawn.
**II．Extend the following sentences with the word “till/ until…” 用“till/ until…”扩写下列句子。
1) People do not know the value of health till / until…
2) Till / Until…. you can’t go out for fun.
3) We talked on and on until / till…
Suggested Keys:
Any reasonable answer is accepted.
***III.Translate the sentences below. 翻译下列句子：
1) 在你的作业被完成以前你不能离开
2）我们要到星期四才能去紫禁城。
3）他不回来什么也不能做。
Suggested Keys:
1）You cannot leave until your homework is finished / You cannot leave until you finish your homework .
2) We can't go to the Forbidden City until Thursday.
3) Until he returns, nothing can be done.
