已有 80 次阅读 2019-12-29 20:10 系统分类:成长记录
美国义务教育新标准CCSS:拼写(Orthography) (2012-05-22 16:20:33)
分类: 教育资源 |
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音形对应(Phoneme-Grapheme Correspondences)
辅音
Single letters Doublets Digraphs Trigraphs Consonants in blends Silent letter combinations Combination qu |
b, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w, y, z ff, ll, ss, zz th, sh, ch, wh ph, ng (sing) gh (cough) [ck is a guest in this category] -tch,-dge s-c-r (scrape) th-r (thrush) c-l (clean) f-t (sift) l-k (milk) s-t (most) and many more kn (knock), wr (wrestle), gn (gnarl), ps (psychology), rh (rhythm), -mb (crumb), -lk (folk), -mn (hymn), -st (listen) |
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元音
Single letters Vowel teams Vowel-r combinations Vowel-consonant-e (VCe) |
short vowels) cap, hit, gem, clod,muss (long vowels) me, no, music (short vowels) head, hook (long vowels) boat, sigh, weigh (diphthongs) toil, bout car, sport, her, burn, first gate, eve, rude, hope, five |
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六种音节
Closed Vowel-C-e(“Magic e”) Open Vowel Team Vowel-r,(r-controlled) Consonant-le |
syllable with a short vowel spelled with a single vowel letter ending in one or more consonants A syllable with a long vowel spelled with one vowel + one consonant + silent e A syllable that ends with a long vowel sound, spelled with a single vowel letter Syllables that use two to four letters to spell the vowel A syllable with er, ir, or, ar, or ur。Vowel pronunciation often changes before /r/. An unaccented final syllable containing a consonant before /l/ followed by a silent e |
ap-ple hos-tel bev-erage compete despite program table recent beau-ti-ful train-er con-geal spoil-age in-jur-ious con-sort char-ter dribble beagle little |
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三个主要的音节划分方法:
1. VC-CV: sub-let nap-kin pen-ny emp-ty
2. V-CV and VC-V:
a) e-ven ra-bies de-cent ri-val
b) ev-er rab-id dec-ade riv-er
3. Consonant blends usually stick together:e-ther spec-trum se-quin
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语法后缀:
-s -s -ed -ing -en ’s -er -est |
plural noun I had two eggs for breakfast. third person singular verb She gets what she wants. past tense verb We posted the notice. progressive tense verb We will be waiting a long time. past participle He had eaten his lunch. possessive singular The frog’s spots were brown. comparative adjective He is taller than she is. superlative adjective Tom is the tallest of all. |
词性后缀:
名词:-ment, -ity, and -tion
形容词: -ful, -ous, and -al
副词: -ly