写作分步走
热度 3 已有 378 次阅读 2019-12-26 07:57 系统分类:成长记录
之前发过几个关于写作的帖子。基本都属于没有理论，写些方法，举些例子的小白贴。无奈本人非英语专业科班出生，没学过那么多相关的理论性知识。我也没法象论坛上的大师、专家和名人那样，一开口就能说出大段大段的理论。而写作又偏偏是个很大的话题，理论方法很多，教材也不少。随着孩子逐渐长大，到了小学中高年级后家长会发现分给英语的时间越来越少，面对厚厚的一本本写作教材，能坚持学下来的孩子其实不多。
今天继续发个无理论写作贴，分享一些自己收集，归纳整理并总结的关于写作方面的一些小方法。文中如有错误，欢迎指正！也欢迎大家能分享实践下来觉得行之有效的写作好方法。
在此，我把整个小学阶段写作程度分成10步走，利用一些具有可操作性的方法技巧，提高一些写作水平。当然，如果想真正全面提高写作能力，有时间的话还是需要系统的学习和练习。
我对起步的定义是会写简单句。
I went to school.
The bag is red.
首字母大写，标点符号的运用等等就不在此讨论了。
以下一步步是我自己划分的，共10步，只针对小学阶段的写作。前后顺序可能不是很科学，一家之言，大家将就着看看吧。
第1步
给简单句中的名词前加上1个适当的形容词来描述
The giant had an enormous nose.

Red squirrels enjoy eating delicious nuts.
在简单句中尝试使用介词
第2步
连用2个形容词修饰名词
the scary, old woman
使用and/or/ but/so连接句子
The children played on the swings and slid down the slide.

Spiders can be small or they can be large.
Charlie hid but Sally found him.

It was raining so they put on their coats.
用like写明喻（simile）的句子
She swims like a fish.
第3步
使用who写从句
Once upon a time there was a little oldwoman who lived in a forest.
There are many children who like to eat ice cream.
巩固第1、2步的形容词添加，开始使用副词
加形容词：The boys peeped inside the darkcave.
加副词：Tom ran quickly down the hill.
第4步
使用 because
so that
then
that
while when where
 until
用as....as...写明喻（simile）的句子
as tall as a house， as red as a radish
第5步
使用While,When,Where开头写句子。
While…
When…
Where…
在句子开头使用-‘ly’副词。
Fortunately,...
Unfortunatel, …
Luckily…
Sadly,...

运用头韵(Alliteration)手法
dangerous dragon
slimy snake
第6步
在第5步基础上更多地使用‘ly’起始句子。
Usually, Eventually, Finally, Carefully,Slowly, ...
Carefully, shecrawled along the floor of the cave....

Amazingly, smallinsects can....
在第3步的基础上，更进一步在句中使用who, which从句
Sam, who was lost, sat down and cried.
The Vikings, who came from Scandinavia, invaded Scotland.

The Fire of London, which started in Pudding Lane, spread quickly.
多种从句的使用 what/while/when/where/ because/ then/sothat/ if/to/until

While the animals were munching breakfast, twovisitors arrived.
During the Autumn, when the weather is cold, the leaves fall offthe trees.
第7步
合理使用长短句，使句式多样化。长句添加描述性词语和必要信息，短句突出重点。
使用3 for description
He wore old shoes, a dark cloak and a red hat.

African elephants have long trunks, curly tusks and large ears.
使用比较级和最高级描述

使用暗喻（metaphor）
The cave is a gloomy prison for theclimber.
The Moon was a misty shadow.
-‘ing’形式起头
Sighing, the boy finished his homework.

Grunting, the pig lay down to sleep.
在第6步的基础上，进一步使用从句（who/whom/which/whose/ that）
The girl, whom I remember,
had long black hair.
The boy, whose name is George, thinks he is very brave.

The Clifton Suspension bridge, which was finished in 1864,is a popular touristattraction.
第8步
在第7步使用3 fordescription的基础上，进一步详细描述句子。（通过比较7和8这个方面的例句，程度差异就能看出来了）
The cottage was almost invisible, hidingunder a thick layer of snow and glistening in the sunlight.
Rainbow dragons are covered with manydifferent coloured scales, have enormous, red eyes and swim onthe surface of the water.
会使用3 for persuasion e.g. Visit, Swim, Enjoy!
比第7步更进一步使用–‘ing’
Grinning menacingly, he slipped the treasure into hisrucksack.

Hopping speedily towards the pool, the frog dived underneath theleaves.
（对比第7步的例句：Sighing, the boy finished his homework.
）
第9步
写作时会使用对话，运用更精确的动词替代said
“Hello,” she whispered.
“I’m far too busy and I’m not yourslave,” snarled Susan. ”Clean it out yourself.”
“I won’t do it!” shrieked Susan. ”I hatethis!”
“ I wish I didn’t have to go,” shemuttered.
在句子开头使用以下手法：
1. 明喻simile
As curved as a ball, the moon shone brightly in the nightsky. Like a wailing cat, the ambulance screamed down the road.
2. –‘ed’
Frightened, Tom ran straight home to avoid being caught. Exhausted,the Roman soldier collapsed at his post.
插入–‘ing’ 从句使用
Jane, laughing at the teacher,fell off her chair.
The tornedo, sweeping across the city, destroyed thehouses.
使用Sentence of 3 for action
Sam rushed down the road, jumpedon the bus and sank into his seat.
The Romans enjoyed food, lovedmarching but hated the weather.
写对话时，注意动词＋副词搭配使用。
“Hello,” she whispered, shyly.

第10步
在第9步基础上，进一步学会–‘ed’句首使用
Encouraged by the bright weather, Jane set out for a long walk.Terrified by the dragon, George fell to his knees.
（和第9阶段例句Frightened, Tom ran straight home to avoid being caught.比较一下，体会差异）
在句子开头使用副词短语
Beyond the dark gloom of the cave, Zachsaw the wizard move.
Throughout the night, the wind howledlike an injured creature.
插入 –‘ed’ 从句 

Poor Tim, exhausted by so much effort,ran home.
The lesser known Bristol dragon, recognised by purple spots,is rarely seen.
使用反问设问
写对话时，在动词后加上动作细节描述。
“Stop!” he shouted, picking up the stick and running after the thief.
象声手法的使用(Onomatopoeia)
The buzzing bee flew away.
The rustling leaves kept me awake.
使用拟人（personification）手法
The leaves are trembling in the cold wind.
The storm was raging and an angry sea was continuouslytossing their boat.
使用虚拟语气
熟练使用名词短语把复杂的信息表达得更精准
the boy that jumped over the fence is over there
the fact that it was raining meant the end of sports day
