美国义务教育新标准CCSS：拼读

标签： 美国课程标准 ccss phonics 自然拼读 教育

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Phoneme

/p/ 

/b/ 

/m/ 

/t/ 

/d/

/n/ 

/k/

/g/

/ng/ 

/f/ 

/v/ 

/s/ 

/z/ 

/th/ 

/th/ 

/sh/

/zh/ 

/ch/

/j/ 

/l/

/r/ 

/y/ 

/w/ 

/wh/ 

/h/

Word Examples

pit, spider, stop

bit, brat, bubble

mitt, comb, hymn

tickle, mitt, sipped

die, loved

nice, knight, gnat

cup, kite, duck, chorus,folk, quiet

girl, Pittsburgh

sing, bank

fluff, sphere, tough, calf

van, dove

sit, pass, science, psychic

zoo, jazz, nose, as, xylophone

thin, breath, ether

this, breathe, either

shoe, mission, sure, charade, precious, notion, mission,

special

measure, azure

cheap, future, etch

judge, wage

lamb, call, single

reach, wrap, her, fur, stir

you, use, feud, onion

witch, queen

where

Common Graphemes (Spellings)

for the Phoneme*

p

b

m, mb, mn

t, tt, ed

d, ed

n, kn, gn

k, c, ck, ch, lk, q

g, gh

ng, n

f, ff, gh, ph, lf

v, ve

s, ss, sc, ps

z, zz, se, s, x

th

th

sh, ss, s, ch, sc, ti, si, ci

s, z

ch, tch

j, dge, ge

l, ll, le

r, wr, er/ur/ir

y, (u, eu), i

w, (q)u

wh

Phoneme

/ē/ 

/ĭ/ 

/ā/ 

/ĕ/ 

/ă/ 

/ī/

/ŏ/ 

/ŭ/ 

/aw/ 

/ō/ 

/oo/ 

/ū/ [oo] 

/y//ū/

/oi/

/ow/

er

ar

or

Word Examples

see, these, me, eat, key, happy, chief, either

sit, gym

make, rain, play, great, baby, eight, vein, they

bed, breath

cat

time, pie, cry, right, rifle

fox, swap, palm

cup, cover, flood, tough

saw, pause, call, water, bought

vote, boat, toe, snow, open

took, put, could

moo, tube, blue, chew, suit, soup

use, few, cute

boil, boy

out, cow

her, fur, sir

cart

sport

Common Graphemes (Spellings)

for the Phoneme*

ee, e_e, -e, ea, ey, -y, ie, ei

i, y

a_e, ai, ay, ea, -y, eigh, ei, ey

e, ea

a

i_e, ie, -y, igh, -i

o, wa, al

u, o, oo, ou

aw, au, all, wa, ough

o_e, oa, oe, ow, o-,

oo, u, ou

oo, u_e, ue, ew, ui, ou

u, ew, u_e

oi, oy

u, ow

er, ur, ir

ar

or