联邦党人文集

 联邦党人文集 No.6  (2015-11-16 09:53:43)

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标签： 建国文献 联邦党人文集

分类： 教英文

正文开始

联邦党人文集，新SAT闹得，大家觉得得读。我很怀疑新SAT会不会考这么难的东西 。这不是逼着大家都去考ACT嘛。大家都奔ACT了，那也就不必非得为考试而读了。

但是，无论是作为阅读训练，还是作为背景知识积累，联邦党人文集很多文章都值得仔细品读，这些文章被认为是政论文的杰作（"supreme masterpieces of political writing"）。

联邦党人文集 No.6 （"关于各州不和所造成的危险"）是汉密尔顿执笔的。

首先，句子读懂没读懂，写个改述（paraphrase） 我就知道了。不过现在我放手一点，就把句子主干指出来，让他们自己弄。

• A man 【who......】 must be.....
• To presume ..... would be....
• To look for .... would be....

     。。。。。

改述是句子层面的理解，语篇层面得做outline。这个班已经学到 3-level outline 了，他们都比较痛恨做 outline，做了2年多了，从 1-level，到2-level，到3-level，以后复杂的段落会有 4-level。我就告诉他们，outline 做好了，可以直接用 Inspiration 软件写作文哦。他们想着以后会有这个好事儿，就忍了可能。。。。

这是俺们给联邦党人文集 No.6 最关键的第二和第三段课上做的Outline：

I. No one can doubt that separate states or partial confederacy would mean violence.

A.    To assume lack of violent motive is to forget human nature.

1. Ambitious

2. Vindictive

3. Rapacious

B.     To expect harmony is to disregard history.

II. Causes of hostility are numerous

A.    Causes of hostility that are constant

1. Love of power

2. Desire for domination

3. Jealousy of Power

4. Desire for equality and safety

B.     Causes that are circumscribed

1. Commercial rivalry

C.     Causes of private passion in individuals

1. Attachment

2. Enmities

3. Interests                   

4. Hopes                       

5. Fears

                    

                       ～Abuse the public confidence

                       ～Personal gain regardless of public damage

 

这样逻辑就清清楚楚了。

然后分析作者的 tone 是什么？ 怎么看出来的？

有啥修辞手法没有？ （Allude 独立宣言 的地方看出来没有？）

如果说这篇用词讲究，在哪里体现了？（底下原文我用红色标出的字母的词，俺这里的孩子都知道为啥）。

                    

对这篇文章内容的感慨就不说了，孩子们自己都能体会得到。

                

下面是二，三段的原文：

【1】A man must be far gone in Utopian speculations who can seriously doubt that, if these States should either be wholly disunited, or only united in partial confederacies, the subdivisions into which they might be thrown would have frequent and violent contests with each other. 【2】To presume a want of motives for such contests as an argument against their existence, would be to forget that men are ambitious, vindictive, and rapacious. 【3】To look for a continuation of harmony between a number of independent, unconnected sovereignties in the same neighborhood, would be to disregard the uniform course of human events, and to set at defiance the accumulated experience of ages.

 

【1】The causes of hostility among nations are innumerable. 【2】There are some which have a general and almost constant operation upon the collective bodies of society. 【3】Of this description are the love of power or the desire of pre-eminence and dominion -- the jealousy of power, or the desire of equality and safety. 【4】There are others which have a more circumscribed though an equally operative influence within their spheres. 【5】Such are the rivalships and competitions of commerce betweencommercial nations. 【6】And there are others, not less numerous than either of the former, which take their origin entirely in private passions; in the attachments, enmities, interests, hopes, and fears of leading individuals in the communities of which they are members. 【7】Men of this class, whether the favorites of a king or of a people, have in too many instances abused the confidence they possessed; and assuming the pretext of some public motive, have not scrupled to sacrifice the national tranquillity to personal advantage or personal gratification.