英语单词发音规则开闭音节的概念开音节
1）以发音的元音字母结尾的单节。 例：be，he。
2）以辅音字母（r 除外）+不发音的e结尾的音节。 例：make，like。
* 在重读的开音节中元音字母按字母名称读音。
闭音节
以一个或几个辅音字母（r 除外）结尾而中间只有一个元音字母的音节，
称为闭音节。例：map，desk，is。
* 在重读的闭音节中元音字母读做短元音。一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音
| 读 音 | 例 词 | ||
| a | 在开音节中 | [ei] | name plane Jane baby cake |
| 在闭音节中 | [æ] | bag dad hat map black back | |
| e | 在开音节中 | [i:] | he these me Chinese |
| 在闭音节中 | [e] | bed let pen desk yes egg | |
| i | 在开音节中 | [ai] | bike fly drive time nice kite |
| 在闭音节中 | [i] | fish big drink sit milk swim | |
| o | 在开音节中 | [ou] | those close go hoe home no |
| 在闭音节中 | [C] | clock not box shop sock | |
| u | 在开音节中 | [ju:] | student excuse duty Tuesday |
| 在闭音节中 | [Λ] | bus cup jump much lunch | |
| 在开音节中，元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音，例如：June blue ruler super | |||
| 元音字母 | 读 音 | 例 词 |
| a在[w]音后面 | [C] | want what watch wash quality |
| a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 | [α:] | after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father |
| i在-nd -ld和gh前 | [ai] | find child light high |
| o在-st -ld前 | [ou] | most postcard old cold |
| o在m n v th前 | [Λ] | come monkey love mother |
二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
| 读 音 | 例 词 | |
| a | [E]E | China another woman breakfast |
| [i] | orange comrade village cabbage | |
| e | [E] | hundred student open weekend |
| [i] | chicken pocket begin children | |
| i | [E]/[i] | holiday beautiful family animal |
| [ai] | exercise satellite | |
| o | [E] | second tonight somebody welcome |
| [Eu] | also zero photo | |
| u | [E] | autumn difficult |
| [ju:] | popular congratulation January | |
| 动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，a读[ei]音，例如：operate | ||
| u处在开音节位置，又在辅音字母j l r s后面时，读[u(:)]音，例如：July influence February issue | ||
| 在非重读音节中，许多单词中的元音字母a e i 即可以读作[E]音，也可以读作[i]音。 | ||
| 元音字组 | 读 音 | 例 词 |
| ar ar在[w]音后面 | [α:] | car farm dark sharpener |
| [C:] | warm quarter towards | |
| or or在[w]音后面 | [C:] | forty morning short |
| [E:] | word worker worse | |
| er ir ur | [E:] | certainly bird Thursday |
| 辅音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如： carry sorry hurry | ||
| -r音节在非重读音节中通常读[E]音，例如：dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday | ||
| 读 音 | 例 词 | |
| are | [εE] | care dare hare |
| ere | [iE] | here mere |
| ire | [aiE] | fire hire wire |
| ore | [C:] | more score before |
| ure | [juE] | pure cure |
| are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中，ure在非重读音节中读[E]音，例如：picture pleasure | ||
| 重读元音字母加Rr，再加非重读元字组时，重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读，字母Rr读[r]音。 例如：parent zero story during inspiring | ||
| 某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。 例如：orange very American paragraph | ||
| 读 音 | 例 词 | |
| ai/ay | [ei] | afraid rain wait day play |
| air | [εE] | air hair chair pair repair |
| alal在f m前 | [C] | small ball talk wall all |
| [C:l] | always also salt almost | |
| [α:] | half calm | |
| au/aw | [C:] | autumn daughter draw |
| ea | [i:] | teach easy cheap please |
| [e] | heavy bread sweater weather | |
| [ei] | break great | |
| ear | [iE] | hear dear near clear year |
| [εE] | bear pear wear swear | |
| [E:] | earth learn early | |
| ee | [i:] | jeep week green three |
| eer | [iE] | pioneer deer beer |
| ei/ey | [ei] | eight neighbour they |
| [i:] | either key | |
| eu/ew在 j l r s后 | [ju:] | new few newspaper |
| [u:] | flew brew jewelry | |
| ie/ei[s]音之后 | [i:] | piece field receive |
| oa | [ou] | coat Joan boat goal |
| oar/oor | [C:] | roar board door floor |
| oi/oy | [Ci] | noise point boy toilet |
| oo | [u:] | broom food tooth school |
| [u] | book look cook foot good | |
| ou/ow | [au] | flower house count down |
| [ou] | know row throw though | |
| [Λ] | young country enough | |
| [u:] | group you soup | |
| our | [C:] | course your four |
| [auE] | our hour ours | |
| [E:] | journey | |
| ui 在j l r s后 | [ju:i] | fluid suicide tuition |
| [u:] | juice fruit suit |
| 元音字组或字群 | 读 音 | 例 词 |
| ai/ay ei/ey | [i] | Sunday foreign monkey |
| ow | [ou] | yellow sparrow tomorrow |
| 元音字组在非重读音节中读[E]音或[i]。 例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee | ||
| -sion -tion | [Fn] | impression nation |
| -sion在元音字母后 | [Vn] | vision decision occasion |
| -tion在s后 | [tFEn] | question suggestion |
| -sten | [sn] | listen |
| -stle | [sl] | whistle |
| -sure | [VE] | pleasure measure |
| -ture | [tFE] | picture culture |
八、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音
| 复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号，但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。 例如： everyday[ei] handbag[æ] blackboard[C:] |
| 有些词随着语言的发展，前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义，融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。 例如： sun太阳 + day[ei]日子 ＞ Sunday[i] 星期天 holy神圣 + day[ei]日子 ＞ holiday[i] 假日 break中断 + fast[α:]斋戒 ＞ breakfast[E] 早餐 cup茶杯 + board木板[C:] ＞ cupboard[E] 碗柜 |
九、辅字组的读音
| 读 音 | 例 词 | |
| b | [b] | bike bus bag |
| [/] | bomb tomb | |
| c c在e前或在i/y前 | [k] | cake picture coat music |
| [s] | face decide cinema | |
| ch | [tF] | much chick rich teacher |
| [k] | school headache chemistry | |
| [F] | machine | |
| -ck | [k] | cock pocket black knock |
| d | [d] | doctor bread hand day |
| -dge | [dV] | bridge fridge |
| dr- | [dr] | children driver drink |
| f | [f] | five four breakfast |
| g g在e i/y前 | [^] | bag garden go |
| [dV] | orange large German | |
| gh | [f] | cough enough |
| [/] | light daughter high | |
| gu- -gue gu在非重读音节中 | [^] | guess league dialogue |
| [^w] | language anguish | |
| h | [h] | hot head house hand |
| [/] | hour honest | |
| j | [dV] | jeep jar joke join July |
| k | [k] | kind bike skate make week |
| kn- | [n] | knife know knock |
| l | [l] | life milk school tall |
| m | [m] | monkey come autumn |
| -mn | [m] | autumn column solemn |
| n n在[k] [g]音前 | [n] | not shine ten note |
| [N] | uncle thank hungry | |
| -ng | [N] | morning young wrong |
| p | [p] | paper plane pig ship pen |
| ph | [f] | elephant photo telephone |
| q | [k] | Iraq |
| qu- | [kw] | quality quite |
| r | [r] | red rubber ruler |
| s在词首或清辅音前 元音字母间或浊辅音前 | [s] | sit sleep desk |
| [z] | music husband | |
| sc- | [sk] | scarlet |
| [s] | muscle science | |
| sh | [F] | she fish shirt wash |
| t在通常情况下 在弱读字母ia ie io前 | [t] | ten letter meet |
| [F] | patient nation | |
| tch | [tF] | watch |
| th在通常情况下 在冠词 代词 介词 连词中 在词尾-the -ther中 | [θ] | thin thirty method |
| [T] | the these with than | |
| [T] | clothe fathe r weather | |
| tr- | [tr] | tree train country truck |
| v | [v] | very voice love leave |
| w | [w] | week win wake sweet wait |
| [/] | Answer two | |
| wh- wh-在字母o前 | [w] | what when white why |
| [h] | who whose whole | |
| x 在重读元音前 | [ks] | box text exercise |
| [gz] | example exist exact | |
| wr- | [r] | write |
| y- | [j] | yes yard yellow young |
| z | [z] | puzzle zero zoo |
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