[国内英语试卷] 学生易错词汇和语法

一:学生易错词汇
1. a, an的选择: 元音字母开头的单词用an,辅音字母开头的单词用a.
2. am , is , are的选择: 单数用is , 复数用are. I 用 am , you 用are.
3. have , has 的选择: 表示某人有某物.单数用has , 复数用have. I ,you 用 have .
4. there is, there are 的选择:表示某地有某物,某人.单数用there is , 复数用there are.
5. some, any 的选择:肯定句用some, 疑问句和否定句用any.
6. 疑问词的选择:what (什么) who (谁) where (哪里) whose (谁的) why(为什么)when(什么时候)which(哪一个)how old (多大) how many (多少)how much(多少钱)

二:形容词比较级详解
当我们需要对事物作出比较时,需要用到比较级.比较级的句子结构通常是:
什么 + 动词be (am , is , are ) + 形容词比较级 + than(比)+ 什么 ,如:
I'm taller and heavier than you. (我比你更高和更重.)
An elephant is bigger than a tiger. (一只大象比一只老虎更大.)
形容词的比较级是在形容词的基础上变化而来的,它的变化规则是:
① 一般的直接在词尾加er ,如 tall - taller, strong - stronger ,
② 以e结尾的,直接加r ,如 fine – finer ,
③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的,先改y为i再加er,如funny - funnier
④ 双写最后的字母再加er,如big – bigger,thin – thinner ,hot – hotter
☆注意☆ 比较的两者应该是互相对应的可比较的东西.
典型错误:My hair is longer than you.(我的头发比你更长.)
比较的两者是我的头发,你(整个人),那么比较的对象就没有可比性.
应该改为:My hair is longer than yours. 或My hair is longer than your hair.
比较级专项练习: 一,从方框中选出合适的单词完成句子 heavy tall long big
(1) How is the Yellow River
(2) How is Mr. Green He's 175cm.
(3) How are your feet I wear size 18.
(4)How is the fish It's 2kg.

三:动词过去式详解

动词的过去式的构成规则有:
A,规则动词
① 一般直接在动词的后面加ed:如 worked ,learned , cleaned , visited
② 以e结尾的动词直接加d:如 lived , danced , used
③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play,stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类)
④ 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如 stopped
B,不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:sing – sang , eat – ate, see – saw , have – had , do – did , go - went , take - took , buy - bought ,get - got , read - read ,fly - flew , am/is - was ,
are - were , say - said , leave - left , swim - swam , tell - told , draw -drew , come - came , lose - lost , find - found , drink - drank , hurt - hurt ,feel - felt

四:动词现在分词详解 动词的in形式的构成规则:
① 一般的直接在后面加上in , 如doing , going, working , singing , eating
② 以e 结尾的动词,要先去e再加in ,如having ,writing
③ 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting

五:人称代词与物主代词
一、人称代词

二、物主代词

六:句型专项归类
1.肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,如:I'm a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.
There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TVyesterday evening.
2,否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,如:I'm not a student. She is not (isn't) a doctor.
He does not (doesn't) work in a hospital. There are not (aren't) four fans inour classroom.
He will not (won't) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn't) watch TV yesterdayevening.
☆注意☆ 小结:否定句主要是在肯定句的基础上加上了否定词"not".有动词be的句子则"not"加在be后面,可缩写成"isn't,aren't",但am not 一般都分开写.没有动词be的句子则要先在主要动词的前面加上一个助动词(do,does,did),然后在它后面加上"not",你也可以把它们缩写在一起如"don't , doesn't , didn't ).这三个助动词要根据人称和时态来选择,其中"does"只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况,而"did"只用于一般过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用"did".
3,一般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用"yes",或"no"来回答.
如:Are you a student Yes, I am / No, I'm not.
Is she a doctor Yes, she is. / No, she isn't.
Does he work in a hospital Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.
Are there four fans in our classroom Yes, there are. / No, there aren't.
Are you going to buy a comic book tonight Yes, I am. / No, I am not. (Yes, weare. / No, we aren't.)
Will he eat lunch at 12:00 Yes, I will. / No, I will not(won't).
Are they swimming Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.
Did you watch TV yesterday evening Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.
☆注意☆ 小结:一般疑问句是在肯定句的基础上,
①把动词be调到首位,其他照写,末尾标点符号变成问号即可.
②没有动词be的句子则要在句首加上一个助动词(do,does,did)再把紧跟在后面的动词变回原形,末尾标点符号变成问号即可.
这三个助动词也要根据人称和时态来选择,其中"does"只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况,而"did"只用于一般过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用"did".一般疑问句有个重要的原则就是问和答要一致,即问句里的第一个单词(助动词)和简略答句里的这个词是一致的.
4,特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词(what , where ,who , which , when , whose , why , how等)开头引导的句子.此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用"yes,no"来回答.如:
What is this It's a computer.
What does he do He's a doctor.
Where are you going I'm going to Beijing.
Who played football with you yesterday afternoon Mike.
Which season do you like best Summer.
When do you usually get up I usually get up at 6:30.
Whose skirt is this It's Amy's.
Why do you like spring best Because I can plant trees.
How are you I'm fine. / I'm happy.
How did you go to Xinjiang I went to Xinjiang by train.
☆其中how又可以和其他一些形容词连用组成特殊疑问词组用来提问,如: how many(多少(数量)),how much(多少(钱)), how tall(多高), how long(多长), how big(多大), how heavy(多重)
例句:How many pencils do you have I have three pencils.
How many girls can you see I can see four girls.
How many desks are there in your classroom There are 51.
☆小结:how many 用来提问可数名词的数量,主要有以上三种句式搭配,
How many + 名词复数 + do you have 你有多少……
How many + 名词复数 + can you see 你能看见多少……
How many + 名词复数 + are there… 有多少……

七:完全,缩略形式: I'm=I am he's=he is she's=she is they're=they are you're=you arethere's=there is they're=they are can't=can not don't=do not doesn't=does notisn't=is not aren't=are not let's=let us won't=will not I'll=I will wasn't=wasnot
总结:通常情况下,'m即am,'s即is(但 let's=letus), 're即are ,n't即not (但can't=can not)