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cooperxie

2017-05-12

[答疑解惑] 柳絮

颠狂柳絮随风舞,轻薄桃花逐水流。(杜甫)

故人西辞黄鹤楼,烟花三月下扬州。(李白)

柳树(特指垂柳Salix babylonica)原产于中国,在中国的历史上留下了大量的有关柳树和柳絮的诗词歌赋。

今天先不去探究这些诗词,先研究一下柳絮的问题。因为到了春天,漫天的柳絮像下雪一样真的让人爱恨交加。想用英语吐槽一下,突然发现柳絮怎么说都不会,有点憋屈。

有人说这不简单,上酸菜,哦不,上有道!

有道上明确的给出了解释,catkin,还给了例句:

柳絮在空中飞舞。
Willow catkins are fluttering in the air.
有道,《新汉英大辞典》

搁在以前,我就信了。不过,我上次已经查过了catkin,明明是花序的意思(见文章:杨树上长的毛毛虫)。

我的法宝,上维基百科,用willow去查维基百科,

The staminate (male) flowers are without either calyx or corolla; they consist simply of stamens, varying in number from two to 10, accompanied by a nectariferous gland and inserted on the base of a scale which is itself borne on the rachis of a drooping raceme called a catkin, or ament. This scale is square, entire, and very hairy.
From wikipedia

指在这一段中提到了catkin(花序), scale(查有道农业科学:鳞片),指出这些鳞片是多毛的,并没有提到飞到空中的柳絮是怎么表达。

停顿了若干日,突然想到这个现象其实和蒲公英挺像的,为何不看看蒲公英的词条?

Each achene is attached to a pappus of fine hairs, which enable wind-aided dispersal over long distances.
From wikipedia (Taraxacum)

发现了一个词汇pappus,用有道查一下,是冠毛。

再用冠毛去百度查一下,突然感觉豁然开朗了。例如:

抓一团柳絮仔细观察会发现里面有些小颗粒,那是柳树的种子,柳树就是靠柳絮的飞扬把种子传播到远处去的。飘飞的柳絮就是带着种毛的柳树种子.花叶已展开的 雌株 蒴果成熟开裂,露出柳絮.成熟开裂的蒴果中吐露带有冠毛(称柳絮)的种子靠风传播,种皮薄保水能力不佳,种子在极短的时间内要掉落水中发芽生长。
http://iask.sina.com.cn/b/544202.html


用英语willow和pappus去查询,得到了一篇文章,

Seed: Fertile female flowers form a 3/16 inch long pointed ovoid capsule, yellow-green at first, then reddish-brown, containing 12 to 15 very small seeds which have a hairy white pappus attached. These capsules split in two sections at maturity and the two sides curl backward in mid-summer to allow the seeds to be wind dispersed by means of their feathery pappus. Trees can start producing seed at 10 years of age. Seeds can germinate immediately.
from: http://www.friendsofthewildflowergarden.org/pages/plants/willow_black.html

这篇文章有比较好的讨论,列举了不同类型的pappus(http://wildflowerfinder.org.uk/Menu2/Miscellaneous/Miscellaneous_Info/Pappus_Info.htm)。从这篇文章中我学会了pappus的复数形式是pappi。

不敢说现在我已经完全搞清楚了,但至少心里有底了,碰到柳絮的时候,我可以比较放心的给孩子介绍
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  • xuanjiangsara

    2017-5-12 14:23:30 使用道具

    另开一篇解释啊。。。
    其实引文那个词源也挺好的。
  • zzrl753

    2017-5-12 14:32:38 使用道具

    有心有文采!
  • cooperxie

    楼主 2017-5-12 22:18:14 使用道具

    xuanjiangsara 发表于 2017-5-12 14:23
    另开一篇解释啊。。。
    其实引文那个词源也挺好的。

    哪个引文?什么词源?有点对不上
  • cooperxie

    楼主 2017-5-12 22:18:33 使用道具

    zzrl753 发表于 2017-5-12 14:32
    有心有文采!

    谢谢鼓励哈!!!!!
  • high5

    2017-5-12 22:20:30 使用道具

    柳絮用英文如何说
    我是上google, 搜 willow white cottony stuff, 就出来这篇。

    https://blogs.wsj.com/chinarealt ... but-also-flammable/
    QQ截图20170512073357.jpg
    The white stuff is actually “catkins”—petal-less flowers that come from poplar and willow trees. In the 1960s, Beijing wanted to turn its city green, so the government decided to plant millions of trees, including many poplars and willows. The only problem? When planting the trees, officials didn’t pay attention to the sexes; both poplar and willow tree populations have far more female than males trees—up to a 7-to-3 ratio or more (in Chinese).
  • cooperxie

    楼主 2017-5-12 22:40:44 使用道具

    谢谢版主,其实大部分老外也搞不清的,catkin是花序,是指整个花的。而柳絮是指的花序后期种子生出后包裹在种子外面的毛毛,是帮助种子传播的,与花序catkin是两回事。
  • cooperxie

    楼主 2017-5-13 07:54:44 使用道具

    我查了下,这篇文章的作者是Dantong Ma
  • cooperxie

    楼主 2017-5-13 10:21:03 使用道具

    再加个来源佐证。
    A pappus is a large mass of (usually white) hairs (or hairs atopped by a ring of finer hairs like an umbrella or parachute) that carry the seeds away by wind.
    Cottongrasses such as Hare-'s-tail Cottongrass, Willowherbs and some Willows are also plants possessing pappi; hairs attached to seeds for the main purpose of being borne by the wind.
    from http://wildflowerfinder.org.uk/M ... nfo/Pappus_Info.htm
  • cooperxie

    楼主 2017-5-16 07:18:58 使用道具

    柳絮在空中飞舞。 Willow pappi are fluttering in the air
  • 墨遥妈妈

    2017-5-26 14:12:20 使用道具

    提示: 作者被禁止或删除 内容自动屏蔽
  • cooperxie

    楼主 2017-5-28 13:17:30 使用道具

    墨遥妈妈 发表于 2017-5-26 14:12
    觉得 Willow fluff 就可以。

    非常好,通俗易懂