第一章,主题是object"物体", 讲述如何描述物体. 其实每一页的字数不多, 每页一个小主题:
An object can be big or small.
An object can be hard or soft.
Objects are made of different materials. (cloth, paper, clay, metal, glass, plastics)
Objects have different shapes.
Objects can be heavy or light.
Objects make loud or soft sounds.
Some objects can bend.
You can tell the texture of objects. Some are rough and some are smooth.
A magnet can attract some metal objects.
Some objects float. Some objects sink.
在看着图片学完这些概念后, 我和帅宝还做了下书上的实验. 按照"预测", "实施","描述","画图"的步骤, 验证不同物体在水中的沉和浮. 帅宝对这个实验很感兴趣.(做实验时用到的表达:What do we need? We need... Will...float/sink? Which will float and which will sink?)
除了实验, 还可以用家里的实物(孩子的玩具或是家里的日常用品都可以)和周围的实物来引导孩子对"物体"概念的认识.
告诉孩子:Objects are all around us. Look, this is an oject. We can see it. What color is it? What shape is it? Now, you can hold it. Is it heavy? Feel it, how does it feel? Is it rough or smooth? Is it soft or hard? What is it made of? If I put it in water, will it float or sink? 如果是乐器, 还可以问 Does it make loud sound or soft sound? 如果是食物, 还可以让孩子闻闻尝尝: How does it smell? Does it smell good/ yummy? How does it taste? Is it sweet/sour/salty/spicy?
先问一般疑问句(孩子用yes, no回答的) 后用特殊问句(what, how, why开头的), 再根据孩子情况过渡到让孩子自己来用简单句子描述(Now can you tell me something about this object?)
这样一步步引导孩子熟悉对物体描述的表达, 这些描述帮助孩子理解一个物品不止只有名称,而是可以从不同角度去描述它的. 如看到苹果, 通常家长会问"What's this?" 孩子回答"It's an apple"就结束了. 对于苹果, 孩子现在就可以说(或是在家长的引导下能联想到): It's red. It's round. It is smooth. It smells good. It tastes sweet. It is crunchy. 这样, 我们就从各种感官(five senses)去感知和描述它, 显然比仅仅是用"apple"要丰富和生动许多了. 对于孩子的玩具, 可以多问他质地,是否能发声 What is it made of? Is it made of wood? Is it made of plastic? Do you think it will float? Does it make any sound? What sound does it make?
Water is a liquid.
A liquid can change shape.
Water can freeze.
Water can change to solid.
Ice can melt.
Ice can change to a liquid.
Some rainwater goes back into the air.
Some rainwater goes into the ground.
这课的重点是区分固体和液体形态和了解水的形态变化。以前下雪时和帅宝谈过水会结成冰,我们接了一盆水放在阳台上,第二天早上就成了冰,然后又把那盆冰拿回到房间里看它融化变成水。所以这个概念不难理解。但液体固体的概念现在算是正式讲给帅宝听。说到水是液体,液体可以变成各种形状A liquid can change shape. 我就说液体放到什么容器就变成什么形状,然后用夸张的语气说“就像铁甲小宝里的‘超级变换形态’”,帅宝听了直乐。然后我们就去玩水,把水装到瓶子里,帅宝说“现在变成瓶子形状了”,把水装到碗里,“现在变成碗的形状了”。我问“Is this block a solid?”帅宝说 "No"“它不能变换形态啊” 最后,我们又拿了草莓饮料,我问:“Is this a liquid?” "Yes." 我们把饮料倒入冰棒模子,放入冰箱,接下来就是等它变成草莓冰棒了。帅宝兴奋得很,和他爸爸,外婆不停地说“我们做草莓冰棒了”!第二天放学,他就吵着要吃,我取出冻好的冰棒:“Is it still a liquid?” "No" "It is a solid now. It can't change shape." 天气不是很热,可帅宝还是把冰棒都吃完了,弄得我倒是有点担心他吃坏肚子,好在似乎没啥问题。
What happened when peter tried to save a snowball in his jaceket pocket?
Was the snowball still there when Peter looked in his pocket before he got into bed?
Why was his pocket empty? Where did the snowball go?
再仔细点,问问孩子雪球化了,还能找到它的影子吗?看看口袋处黑黑的那块是什么?
Look closer, what was that dark spot on his pocket? 哈哈,发现了吧 (It was water. )
日常用些英文。我买的书里绘本故事类和科普类都有。体验SET B,儿百,亲亲自然系列,DK阅读里都有科普类的词,孩子慢慢就会吸收一些。我本着再笨的孩子重复一百遍也能记住的原则,多重复,尤其是些新遇到的词。你家如果有科普类的书,从简单的开始,慢慢地读给他听,孩子会接受的。再带他做些小游戏,小实验(我和他读体验,儿百里只要有能动手的,都会带他动手做,他特别喜欢。我们一起做了体验第3级里的香包herbal bags,仿照体验第3级的My Book of Seasons, 用帅帅自己4季的照片做了季节书...),日常生活中遇到类似场景会给孩子再说下,加深他的认识。壮壮还小,就读读绘本和简单的科普阅读材料就可以了,我提到那些都可以。
你说的理解,我觉得孩子太小,比如壮壮才两岁,的确会觉得一些概念难以理解,但4岁的孩子生活经验已经比较丰富,理解力也相对提高,基本对固体,液体能够理解了。我告诉他液体会流动,milk, oil, water 都是液体,他自然就能抓住液体的特征,我再问他“Is the bed a liquid?”他就会很快说“No”.所以我觉得他大致理解了这个概念。
其实,我也不是那种特坚持特规律的妈,自己也常犯懒,但只要可能,每天基本上会带着帅帅讲会儿英文故事,看会儿动画。比起那些目标明确的妈妈,我常常很惭愧,因为订的计划总完不成。帅帅现在已经4岁,我最近也在考虑要好好计划教教他,过去总是不太系统,想着从加州教材开始慢慢地能否上个台阶。SCIENCE刚开始,我想把LANGUAGE ART k也一并开始,制定个计划,每天一点前进。我这几天忙着研究语文课本, 既整理材料也整理自己的思路,我整理好后会做在另一个帖子里,希望督促自己坚持下去,也希望大家一起来讨论,多提想法,相互促进。{:soso_e181:}