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P导的这个讲座是去年12月份的
12月12日:PYY55主讲---原版小说亲子阅读
http://www.ebama.net/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=43832&fromuid=754

其实,早就下了音频,要好好临听的,可是硬盘太乱,下了之后竟然踪迹全无。 直到昨天整理硬盘文件,才发现这个宝贝。 于是赶紧来听,听了一遍觉得不过瘾,去找P导索要讲课大纲。 索要未果, 只好自己在这里听记总结。 如果还没有听的,自己去找音频哈。 看到我这里借花献佛的总结觉得好的,别忘了回复夸咱们几句。 毕竟一边听,一边总结很不容易的哈。

----------讲座总结分割线--------------------------

阅读的重要性--学术上,最后比拼的是阅读和写作的技能

本次讨论的重点,是孩子在有一定的阅读基础之后的能力提升

家长作为导师, 可以怎么做呢?
1, 家长需要对阅读的书籍有充分的了解,
           对于阅读的体系,框架, 系统的了解。 语言的结构。。。
           孩子阅读能力的发展过程, 孩子的阅读程度,阅读的速度是多少,阅读理解如何,能认识理解多少。
           对孩子个性,兴趣的了解

2,在了解的基础上,才能有效的引导
          泛读---较为随意
          精读---是有效提升孩子阅读能力的方法

3,作为导师,首先心里需要一个引导的框架,根据这个框架来引导孩子阅读, 因材施教。

进入正题, 对于孩子的阅读理解, 就下面5个方面来讲解(原理和实践分析,实践部分请自己去听哈)
1, 文章的结构, 大的框架
       在带领孩子,引导孩子阅读的时候,不要一下在先埋入细节中,而是先让孩子看清楚故事的脉络, 一个故事的框架,一个story map. P导就此问题作了详细深入的讲解。比如:
       故事的开头如何,为什么要这样开头,作者的目的何在。。。(时间,地点,人物,发生了什么, when, what, who, how)
       故事是如何发展的,故事的main idea是什么,作者在传达什么?。。。主人公面临什么problems, 矛盾, 然后由是如何一步一步解决的。 故事是如何一步一步达到高潮的?高潮在那里?
       故事是如何结尾的,有没有为以后的故事埋下伏笔?比如,MTH的书。。。P导用实例说明, 此处省略若干)

(注:根据孩子年龄和能力不同,帮助孩子构建这个故事的结构,同时慢慢培养出孩子这种将书读薄的能力, 能够用简短的语言勾画出故事整个的框架)

2, 文章的5个要素
       故事的序曲,拉开序幕---开始爬坡, 最后进入高潮,---然后结尾,接近尾声 (作者的思路, 和前面的结构是类似的)
       培养孩子站在作者的角度来看故事的开头,发展和结尾。(此处本人偷懒了,又省略若干)

3,在阅读过程中的阅读流
       人物
       setting (时间,地点,事情),故事是如何发展,链接的。(将一段话的动词找出来)
      
       矛盾的分析,当人物在故事中做碰到的问题,随着故事的发展,问题是如何解决的?(细节的分析)P导用了相当大的例证,来说明这里家长应该如何进入细节,以及整体和细节的均衡把握。

4,在阅读中的提问技巧
       问题需要根据故事的前因后果来提出问题
       问题一般有这么几种:
          表面的细节问题(基本不用动脑筋,直接可以从故事的字面找到)
          深一层的问题:需要推理,推论,根据文章的描述来推出结论(P导这里提到一位作者写了Q&A相关的文章)
      
       问题的跟进,来了解孩子理解的程度,从而进一步在广度或是深度拓展。 P导用了打篮球的比喻,来说明提问题不是回答了就完了, 而是需要导师根据孩子的回答,做进一步的引导。

       如何做:
        一本书,p导会给孩子一套预习的问题(构架的问题,孩子有没有预测,孩子有没有反思---以了解孩子在阅读中是如何思考的)。 这些问题都是精心设计的,而不是随意找来拼凑的。 从所有问题的回答, 可以清晰了解孩子在阅读过程中的思路走向,和理解深度。
        
5,激发孩子的思考能力 (thinking out loud)
       孩子在探讨,和导师的沟通,和同辈的沟通,都可以激发灵感


----------楼主叨叨分割线--------------------------

P导的这个讲座信息量非常大, 这里的总结也不是很全面,但基本的应该都在里面了。 我下面会就P导的这个框架来找一些辅助大家实施的资料。







该贴已经同步到 high5的微博

评分查看全部评分

参与人数 9 贝壳 +220 理由 收起
xiaobao99 + 10 这个很实用哦。谢谢。
武汉飞鱼 + 20 我很喜欢!
jt008947 + 20 感谢你!
qinbaoba + 20 感谢你!
pyy55 + 50 我。。。对不住您啊,我文件夹不知放哪儿了.
sammiyu + 20 感谢你!
炫辰爸爸 + 50 学习了!
yanzi.wang + 10 很给力!
猴妈 + 20 我很喜欢!
17890 查看 114 收藏帖子 (222)

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  • high5

    楼主 2012-2-25 04:46:10 使用道具

    1, 文章的结构, 大的框架
      文章的结构和框架是为了帮助孩子了解故事结构,给孩子一个big picture. 这一步是非常重要的。
    这一步可以利用一些图表, 或是家长让孩子自己来画一张Story map。一旦孩子画出这个框架,地图,孩子就对这个故事可以说是整体把握了。比如:

      

    http://www.eduplace.com/graphicorganizer/
    网站上有不少图表, 可供家长参考使用


      3,
    文章的5个要素和在阅读过程中的阅读流

    http://www.eduplace.com/graphicorganizer/pdf/storymap1_eng.pdf
      
      掌握文章的框架还是阅读一本书最重要的。

  • high5

    楼主 2012-2-25 04:59:54 使用道具

    4,在阅读中的提问技巧
    5,激发孩子的思考能力 (think out loud)
    下面是一些问题举例, 供各位家长参考。 这里说到的think out loud 的意思,就是无论是家长还是孩子,阅读不是单纯的阅读,而是一个思考的过程。 要想让孩子学习这种思考, 家长首先要做一个榜样,把你们在阅读过程中是如何思考的说出来。 那么,孩子就知道了这个过程。 那么,他们在阅读的时候,也能够模仿。 在这个时候,家长也要求孩子将他们的思考说出来, 家长就能了解孩子是如何思考的,思考在哪个程度,家长由此判断还需要在哪方面帮助孩子进行拓展。

    ------------总体问题-----------       Main Idea:
    1.     What is the story mainly about?  (it’s message, not what happened)
    2.   Do you agree ordisagree with the main idea of the story? Why?
    3.   What otherstory(ies) does this book remind you of?

    Conflict:
    1.   What was the main problem in the story?
    2.   Were there other less significant conflictsin the story?  Discuss the role they playin the story.
    3.   Describe a conflict and identify it as eitherinternal or external.  Tell why you chosethat label.

    --------------细节问题--------------------
    Characters:
    1.         Describe the personality of aparticular character.  Include examplesfrom the story that     
               supportyour description.
    2.                 Do any of thecharacters change during the story?  Ifso, how are they different?  What changedthem?  Did it seem believable?
    3.                 How did the maincharacter change from the beginning to the end of the story?
    4.                 Select arelatively important event in the book and describe why it was a turning pointin the character’s life?  What was itthat the character decided or learned to do?
    5.                 Pick a paragraphor a page which describes the way another character treats the maincharacter.  Would you treat the personthe same way?  Find an incident in yourown life which is similar and explain why you treated someone the way youdid.  Have you changed from thatexperience?  How would you treat thatperson now?
    6.                 Often maincharacters will grow in confidence and learn how to accept themselves in somenew way.  Cite an example of how theprotagonist found a source of strength. Describe how you felt as the reader when this happened.
    7.                 List thecharacters in the story and describe qualities which you admire.  Tell what and why you respect theindividuals.  Point out classmates whopossess the traits you admire.
    8.                 Who are the maincharacters in the story?  What kind ofpeople are they?  How do you know?
    9.                 If you had anopportunity to interview the main character, what would you ask them and whatmight they say in reply?  (Interview?)
    10.            State youropinion whether you like or dislike the main character(s).  Why do you feel this way?
    11.            Is there acharacter that reminds you of yourself or someone else you may know?  Explain your reasoning.
    12.            Choose anycharacter and explain why they are important to the story.
    13.            Do any of thecharacters do things you feel are wrong? Explain.
    14.            Some charactersplay small but important roles in the story. Name such a character.  Why isthis character necessary for the story?
    15.            Would you liketo be anyone in the story?  Who?   Why?
    16.            Think about thecharacters in the story.  Are any of themthe same type of characters you have met in other stories, but not the sameseries?  Explain.
    17.            Who are the mostimportant characters in the story?  Tellwhy you think so.
    18.            Is there onecharacter you know more about than any of the others?  Who is this character and what kind of personis she/he?  How does the author “reveal”the character to you?
    19.            What differentemotions do you think the characters experience in the story?  How can you tell?
    20.            Assess one ofthe characters strengths and weaknesses.
    21.            If you were toadd a new character, who might you create and what would you have them do inthe story?
    22.            What movie starmight you have portray the main character in a film version of the story andwhy?
    23.            If the characterwere to leave it up to you to find them a job, what career do you feel theywould be best suited for and why?
    24.            How were thecharacter’s thoughts and feelings shown? Were they believable?  Could thereader enter the characters’ hearts and minds and “see” through their eyes?
    25.            Did the authordevelop the characters well?  Explain.
    26.            Write anobituary for one of the characters.
    27.            Choose acharacter and tell what else they could have done in the story.
    28.            Tell about yourfavorite character in the book.  Whatkind of person is he/she and why is he/she your favorite character?
    29.            How do thecharacter’s qualities affect and influence the events in the plot?
    30.            Identify theprotagonist and antagonist.  How does theprotagonist differ from the antagonist? How are they the same?
    31.      Whatfactors, relationships, or events helped form the character’s traits?

    Setting:
    1.                 Where does the story take place?  Tell what the place is like.  If the story took place somewhere else or ina different time, how would it be changed?
    2.                 Compare thesetting to a place you have been before, or a place you hope to visit.
    3.                 When does thestory take place?  Past?  Present? Future?  How does this story seembelievable or not believable?
    4.                 If the settingis important to the novel, tell three reasons why it is.
    5.                 Tell about yourreaction to a particularly interesting passage where the author creates animage of the setting.
    6.                 Compare whereyou live with the neighborhood, town or city in the book.  Would you rather live in the place where thisstory takes place?  Why or why not?
    7.                 Would you liketo live during the time this story takes place? Why?

    Plot:

    1.      Whatincident, problem, conflict, or situation does the author use to get the storystarted?
    2.      Wereyou able to guess events as they happened? Why do you think you were able to guess               the sequence of events?
    3.     Make  list of 3 –6  key events from the book.  Tell why each event was important to thestory.
    4.     Did this story remind you of anything that has happenedto you?
    5.     What was the most important event which happened in thestory?  Why?  Was this the climax of the story?  What prompted the protagonist to act thisway?
    6.     What was the climax of the story?  Who was involved in the action?  How do you know it was the climax?
    7.     What handicaps or hardships did the main character haveto overcome?  If you were the maincharacter, would you have been able to overcome the challenges?  Explain.
    8.     Would this story have been likely to happen toyou?  What part of it might have beensomething you would have done?
    9.     Does the story hold together well?  Does it seem true?  Explain.

    Lead:
    1.     How does the author get you interested in the book?
    2.     Does the book start slowly or quickly?  Explain.
    3.     Is there a preface or introduction in the book?  How is it used and how does it affect thestory?

    Conclusion:
          1.  How did the author leave the reader? Was the ending satisfying? Explain.
          2.  Was there an epilogue in the book? How was it used?  What effect didit have on the story?
    3.   Did you like theway the author ended the story?  Make upa new ending that could still fit with the    previous events in the plot.
    4.   Did the story endthe way you expected it to?  What cluesdid the author offer to prepare you to expect this ending?  Did you recognize these clues as important tothe story as you were first reading it?
    5.   Would you ratherguess the ending or be surprised?  Wereyou able to guess the ending?  Did youlike the way it ended?  How would youhave changed the ending?  Explain.

    ---------------其他相关问题----------------------
    Vocabulary:
    1.   Did you find manynew words in the story?  What were someof them?  How did you figure out whatthey meant?  Are there any words you arenot sure of?
    2.   Has your vocabularyincreased because of this book?  Whatwere some of you favorite new words?  Howdid they add to the images the author created in the story?
    Title:
    1.   Was the title of the book appropriate?  Does the title “grab” you and make you wantto read the book?  Explain.
    2.   Does the author title each chapter? If not,what would you title at least three of the chapters?  Explain. If the chapters are titled, rename at least three and tell your reasons.
    3.   How do the chapter titles help you predictwhat might happen next?  Are the chaptertitles appropriate?
    4.   How do you think the author chose the booktitle?  What would you title thebook?  Why?

    Theme:
    1.   Why do you think the author wrote thisbook?  Is there a message in thestory?  What is it?  What, if anything, can be learned from thisnovel?
    2.   What was the author showing about life andliving through the story?

    Mood:
    1.   Overall, how did you feel when reading thebook and why did you feel that way?
    2.   What was the funniest part?  Saddest? Why?
    3.   What was the most exciting or the strangestthing that happened in the book?
    4.   What do youremember most about the story?
    5.   Did this story remind you of anything thathas happened to you?
    6.   What made you frightened or angry in thestory?
    7.   Does the storycreate a certain mood or feeling?  Whatis the mood?  How is it created?  How did the author achieve the mood of thestory?  Does the mood change or remainthe same throughout the book?
    8.   How does the author use words to achieve acertain mood?  Give examples.

    摘自http://rolla.k12.mo.us/fileadmin ... ding_to_Achieve.pdf
      

    评分查看全部评分

    参与人数 2 贝壳 +70 理由 收起
    鼻涕娃 + 20 再见精品!
    睡莲 + 50 HI版真是有心,非常有启示!
  • eilleen7698

    2012-2-25 05:47:30 使用道具

    我来坐您的沙发,同意不请自坐不?{:soso_e163:}


    eilleen7698于2012-2-25 05:48补充以下内容:
    如果影响您接站发文章了,就删了。{:soso_e113:}
  • lovecheesecake

    2012-2-25 06:24:41 使用道具

    这个太有用了, 保存了。
  • hwjsy

    2012-2-25 07:08:44 使用道具

    谢谢high5的总结,在阅读试着去应用,不过对家长的要求挺高的。
  • 从头学英语

    2012-2-25 07:20:06 使用道具

    这篇文章要细细读{:soso_e163:}
  • raoqun68

    2012-2-25 08:17:23 使用道具

    {:soso_e163:}
  • china_baby

    2012-2-25 08:18:28 使用道具

    谢谢,要仔细研读,慢慢研究。
  • QQMM

    2012-2-25 08:19:46 使用道具

    谢谢!收藏,慢慢学习!辛苦楼主!{:soso_e163:}
  • 爱小宝

    2012-2-25 08:55:56 使用道具

    谢谢Hi版的总结
  • yanzi.wang

    2012-2-25 09:06:14 使用道具

    我家孩子就不怎么配合呢!很头疼。
  • goubao1107

    2012-2-25 09:48:05 使用道具

    H版听了能引申这么多,我听了就听了,差距不是一般的大
  • mscg

    2012-2-25 10:05:11 使用道具

    中英文阅读都用得上
  • xiaojingling

    2012-2-25 10:15:01 使用道具

    哎,对父母(或指导老师)的要求很高啊,另外,孩子也要配合!什么时候我们才能这样啊!
  • heidigao

    2012-2-25 10:40:21 使用道具

    要仔细看看,谢谢楼主。音频哪里找啊?
  • roben

    2012-2-25 10:46:17 使用道具

    有这样水平的家长就不用找外教了,自己就可以教了
  • peanut19

    2012-2-25 10:50:51 使用道具

    谢谢,资源好多哈
  • yrqtaotao

    2012-2-25 10:57:14 使用道具

    正需要这方面的指导!
  • claire

    2012-2-25 11:12:57 使用道具

    这个太好了,收藏了,慢慢学习。谢谢版主。
  • xinxin妈

    2012-2-25 11:57:15 使用道具

    跟着hi版走,总能学到不少东西,
  • babywhale

    2012-2-25 13:03:25 使用道具

    很喜欢,得慢慢研究,觉得自己功力不行。
  • diana_d

    2012-2-25 19:08:31 使用道具

    High版真是太强大了,偶像啊
    我要好好学习
  • 小哲的秘密花园

    2012-2-25 22:20:30 使用道具

    需要细细品味,慢慢学习,家长也要有很好的阅读功底,不然是很难做到的。
  • weierp

    2012-2-26 19:22:01 使用道具

    感谢H版版{:soso_e163:},感谢P导师{:soso_e163:},尤其是think loud部分,非常喜欢!
  • ljm33844

    2012-2-27 00:03:35 使用道具

    这方面的指导很及时,谢谢Hi版了。
  • liushengli9595

    2012-2-27 11:37:48 使用道具

    需要这方面的指导!太感谢了!
  • 铮铮妈

    2012-2-28 16:05:17 使用道具

    这些东西对我这种菜鸟妈来说用中文来进行讨论还差不多
  • hexingying

    2012-2-29 08:27:00 使用道具

    需要认真仔细地研究一下哈,谢谢HI版做了这么好的总结。
  • 宝宝love

    2012-2-29 08:33:46 使用道具

    谢谢high5的细心总结