Phonemic awareness is the ability to hear and manipulate the individual sounds within words.(The sounds within words are called phonemes ,so awareness of these sounds is phonemic awareness.) Spoken words are composed of sounds .For instance,the word cat has three sounds or phonemes: /c/ /a/ /t/ (conventional linguistic notation separates individual sounds or phonemes with slash marks).The word bike also has three phonemes: /b/ /I/ /k/; phonemic awareness is of awareness of sounds ,not letters. The word bike has four letters, but we hear only three phonemes when the word is spoken. For most adults, dividing words like cat or bike into constituent sounds is easy, but for young children the task can be formidable: Words seem to “explode out” as one big sound---cat--rather than as collections of smaller sounds.
Phonemic awareness is the ability to hear and manipulate the individual sounds within words.(The sounds within words are called phonemes ,so awareness of these sounds is phonemic awareness.) Spoken words are composed of sounds .For instance,the word cat has three sounds or phonemes: /c/ /a/ /t/ (conventional linguistic notation separates individual sounds or phonemes with slash marks).The word bike also has three phonemes: /b/ /I/ /k/; phonemic awareness is of awareness of sounds ,not letters. The word bike has four letters, but we hear only three phonemes when the word is spoken. For most adults, dividing words like cat or bike into constituent sounds is easy, but for young children the task can be formidable: Words seem to “explode out” as one big sound---cat--rather than as collections of smaller sounds.
Phonemic awareness is not the same as phonics. Phonics refers to instruction in how letters and sounds correspond to each other and how these sound-letter correspondences can be used to decode or pronounce words in text. Decoding means the analysis of the letters in a word to determine its pronunciation; to translate from one form of message to another,such as from printed text to pronunciation.Phonemic awareness is not about how sounds and letters match or how to sound out letters to form words; it is only about hearing and thinking about or manipulating the individual sounds within words.
Many parents and teachers know about the teaching of phonics, but phonemic awareness instruction is a newer idea. Without phonemic awareness, phonics is harder to learn. In other words, phonemic awareness is something that should be taught before phonics--- at least early in the phonics sequence---so children receive maximum benefit from their phonics instruction. Some phonics programs include phonemic awareness instruction and some do not, so it is important to understand the distinction.It also is useful to distinguish phonemic awareness from another related term, phonological awareness .Phonological awareness is actually a broader concept, and phonemic awareness is part of this larger idea. Phonological awareness refers to the sensitivity to the phonological or sound structure of words. It includes phonemic awareness, but also encompasses many earlier developing skills such as the awareness of syllables or rhyme.
Awareness of syllables within words is an important aspect of phonological awareness.A child who has mastered this aspect of phonology will be able to perform tasks such as dividing the pronunciation of names into syllables: Bob--by; Tom--my; Gwen-do-lyn; Shei-la; Ma-ri-o; or to blend these syllables back into proper pronunciations of the names. Rhyming ability is another aspect of phonological awareness ,and it includes the ability to recognize that words rhyme, to identify which words rhyme, and to provide rhymes.
Scientists have not yet arrived at a clear description of the sequence of how phonological awareness---including phonemic awareness---develops in young children (Torgesen & Mathes,2000),though some things are known about this development. For example,it is evident that these phonological skills are part of normal oral language development and that these skills would unfold to a great extent for most children even in the context of nonalphabetic languages such as Chinese (Hu & Catts,1998) or even if written language and reading had never developed in human history.
It also is clear that the more global aspects of phonological awareness,such as syllable awareness,appear earlier in childhood than the more demanding skills of phonemic awareness (Lonigan,Burgess,Anthony,& Barker,1998).This means that kindergartners may profit from some early attention--prior to the teaching of phonemic awareness---to rhyming and syllable awareness if these abilities are not yet in place.
Another fact about development that is important to know is that very few 3- and 4-year-olds have much phonemic awareness, but most--though not all--8-year-olds do (Bryant,MacLean,Bradley,& Crossland,1990).This means this aspect of language develops during the same years when children are trying to learn to read.The importance of phonemic awareness in reading has been shown in studies that have revealed the close connection between phonemic awareness and reading achievement (Torgesen & Mathes, 2000): Young children with well-developed phonemic awareness skills tend to be successful readers, while children without these skills usually are not.
This raises the question,can phonemic awareness be taught? Can instruction accelerate the pace of this part of language development so that children can learn to read more easily? That,in fact,was the question the National Reading Panel attempted to answer.
给你个借鉴吧,我记得teach那本书里里面教的时候有个部分是要求read it fast,,我们刚开始CVC部分的时候就拼不出来,拼出来的时候不是多音就是少音,,teach里面说的是要求:每个音尽量的链接起来,而不是断读,我们大概用了一个星期的时间,解决了连读问题,其中就是多用cvc的词组多联系,让他习惯,慢慢应该能解决这个问题!